共情、利他主义与道德生物增强

Empathy,Altruism,and Moral Bioenhancement

道德生物增强是一项旨在通过生物医疗干预来增强人类道德的倡议,其主要倡导者认为道德增强可以通过以生物手段提高人们的同情心或共情能力来实现。尽管利他主义和道德都可以被认为具有进化来源,但它们在人类生活中具有本质上不同的功能,正是这个事实使得人类道德生活变得极为复杂,而道德的内容也会随着环境条件和社会交往的本质而发生变化。因此,如此设想的道德增强倡议在经验层面和规范层面上都存在严重问题,不仅不具有充分合理的可行性,而且在大规模地强制实施的情况下反而可能会改变人类生活的根本形态,让人们丧失对生活的价值和意义的把握。

Moral bioenhancement is an initiative aimed at enhancing human morality through biomedical interventions,and its main proponents believe that moral enhancement can be achieved by biologically enhancing people's capacity for compassion or empathy.Although altruism and morality can both be viewed as having evolutionary origins,they serve fundamentally different functions in human life,which complicates the nature of human moral experience and causes moral content to shift with environmental conditions and the nature of social interactions.Such proposed initiatives not only lack sufficient feasibility but could,if implemented on a large scale,fundamentally alter the very shape of human life,potentially depriving individuals of their grasp of life's value and meaning.