交叉滚子轴承摩擦力矩特性研究

Study on Frictional Torque Characteristics of Crossed Roller Bearings

为研究交叉滚子轴承摩擦力矩的影响因素,建立考虑环境温度和温升影响的轴承摩擦力矩计算模型,研究工况参数、环境温度和几何参数对轴承摩擦力矩的影响规律,并进行试验验证。结果表明:交叉滚子轴承只承受轴向载荷时,摩擦力矩主要由其中一个接触对产生;只承受径向载荷或倾覆力矩时,2个接触对产生的摩擦力矩之比为1∶1;在-30~50℃内,环境温度升高,轴承的摩擦力矩先减小后增大,温度小于40℃时润滑脂黏性对总摩擦力矩起主导作用,游隙变化的影响次之,50℃时游隙变化对摩擦力矩起主导作用,润滑脂黏性的影响次之;增大径向游隙可以显著降低轴承摩擦力矩;在直母线、对数修形和全凸圆弧修形3种修形方式中,全凸圆弧修形在较宽范围的载荷条件下降低摩擦力矩的效果更显著。

In order to study the influencing factors of frictional torque of crossed roller bearings,a calculation model of bearing frictional torque considering the influence of ambient temperature and temperature rise was established,and the influence of working conditions,ambient temperature and geometric parameters on the frictional torque of the bearing was studied,and the test was verified.The results show that when the crossed roller bearing only bears axial load,the frictional moment is mainly generated by one of the contact pair;when the crossed roller only bear radial load or overturning moment,the ratio of frictional torque generated by the two contact pairs is 1∶1.In the range from-30℃to 50℃,the ambient temperature rises,the frictional torque of the bearing first decreases and then increases.When the temperature is less than 40°C,the viscosity of the grease plays a leading role in the total friction torque,the influence of clearance change is second;when the temperature is at 50°C,the clearance change plays a leading role in the friction torque,and the influence of grease viscosity is second.Increasing the radial clearance can significantly reduce the bearing frictional torque.Among the three modification methods of straight busbar,logarithmic modification and full convex circular arc modification,the effect of full convex circular arc modification is more significant in reducing frictional torque under a wide range of load conditions.