基于劳动技能的自我赋权——以河南省许昌市T假发厂女工为例

Self-Empowerment through Skilled Labour:WigFactoryinHenan's Xuchang City

本研究以河南省许昌市某中型假发厂为例,探讨非正式就业中农村留守妇女如何通过技能的赋权在家庭和工作的双重挤压下突围。随着产业转移和乡村振兴的推进,农村留守妇女找到了“离土不离乡”的就业机会,这缓解了城乡二元结构带来的家庭压力,但也使她们陷入家庭和工作难以兼顾的困境。本文关注劳动密集型产业中一技之长对农村留守妇女就近就业的影响。研究发现,技能使得农村留守妇女在劳动力市场中摆脱了边缘化处境,较高的议价能力为她们带来了相对丰厚的经济回报,进而提升了她们在家庭内部的地位和话语权。基于赋权理论视角,掌握技能是农村留守妇女在面对产业转移和国家政策的影响时采取的关键策略,为她们在家庭与工作间找到平衡提供了新的可能。

This study uses a factory that produces wigs in Henan's Xuchang City as an example to investigate how rural left-behind women engage in skills improvement to break through the double pressure of work and family.In the context of transition in industrial production and the revival of countryside,rural left-behind women are able to find employment in off-land local industries.Although such employment helps them reduce the pressure of urban and rural divide on families,it creates a challenge to them to balance work and family.The study pays attention to the impact of county-level labor-intensive industries on the employment of local rural women.This study finds that the skills that rural left-behind women actively learn and master enable them to get rid of their marginalized status in the labor market,and the improved bargaining power brings them relatively high wages,thus enhancing their status and voice in the family.From the perspective of empowerment theory,mastering skills is the key strategy that rural left-behind women adopt when facing the macro situation of industrial transfer and rural revitalization,which provides new possibilities for them to find a balance between family and work.