“中年工厂妈妈”:县域产业发展下的农村女工母职实践——基于赣中G县工业园的实地研究

"Middle-aged Factory Mom":Motherhood Practices of Rural Women Workers in the Context of County-Level Industrial Development

基于赣中G县工业园H厂的实地研究发现:农村中年女工通过参与县域工厂经济,抓住进厂机会拼命加班赚钱并节俭消费;只在有限的厂外时间严管仍处于受教育阶段的子女,同时不断边缘化家务劳动;却在父系孙辈需要照顾时,放弃工作转向隔代照料。这一“中年工厂妈妈”母职实践根源于农民工家庭发展需求和工业园工厂生产体制的共同塑造:县域城镇化推高了农民工子女教育和家庭化转型的经济成本,促使中年女工尽快从家庭照料转向家庭生计;工厂的订单生产体制不仅契合了女工迫切的经济需求,还吸附了其自由支配时间,令其在扩展经济母职的同时边缘化了子女教育和照护劳动;家庭性别权力则让女工性别化地回应子女的教育和家庭化转型需求,并在父系孙辈需要照护时转向隔代照料。本文表明,从农民工家庭发展需求的转变和产业形态的生产体制相结合的角度,可以推进底层女工的母职实践研究。

Based on field research at Factory H in the Industrial Park of G County,central Jiangxi,this study found that through the involvement in county-level economic development,middle-age rural women workers seized the opportunity to enter factories to work hard and overtime to raise income and live a frugal life.They could only strictly manage their school-age children during limited off-work hours,while increasingly marginalizing housework.However,when their paternal grandchildren required care,they gave up their jobs to take the responsibilities of intergenerational caregiving.This"middle-aged factory mom"motherhood experiences were shaped by the combined forces of migrant families'developmental needs and Industrial Park factories order-based labor system.County-level urbanization has increased the economic demands of migrant families for children's education and familization transformation,promoting the shift of middle-aged women's role from family care to family livelihood.The order-based labor system not only aligns with women's urgent economic needs but also occupies their free time.While it allows them to expand their economic roles as mothers,this also marginalizes parenting and housework.Gender-based dynamics within the family compel women workers to prioritize their sons and daughters'needs of faminilization transformation in a gendered manner,and to provide intergenerational caregiving for their paternal grandchildren in need.The study suggests that research on the motherhood practices of women workers at the bottom can be advanced by considering the interplay of the changing needs of migrant families and the labor system of industrial production.