结群互助:民族地区老年女性的关系型社区感研究

A Study of Relational Sense of Community amongg Older Women in Ethnic Areas

老年女性形成同辈组织是应对老龄化的积极方式。本文基于社区心理学视角,分析民族地区老年女性组织“恰依”中的关系型社区感的形成,指出关系型社区感的共享性和联结性使“恰依”成为稳固的老年女性关系型社区。共享性表现为共同经历和记忆、作为女性的共同生命历程及少数民族文化特色,联结性通过文化会聚、经济、社会和心理联结实现。本文发现,关系型社区感是多元主体互构的结果,家庭是构成老年女性自我的重要部分,由此家庭支持成为老年女性参与“恰依”的动力,“恰依”反哺家庭,使女性在家庭得到更多赋权,社区感被稳固于“恰依”—自我—家庭的关系中。此外,受新疆地区民间慈善文化影响,老年女性通过“恰依”参与公共事务,个人自我被拓展出公共自我,社区感通过“恰依”—自我—社会的互动得到强化。本文探讨社区感在多民族文化融合情境中的表现形态和形成机制,补充已有社区感研究,同时为女性社群研究提供新维度;在现实意义上,本文可为民族地区实施积极老龄化战略提供心理治理的思路。

Peer organizations among older women are a positive way to address the challenges of ageing.From a community psychology perspective,we analyze the formation of a relational sense of community in older women's organizations in ethnic areas,and conclude that the sharedness and connectedness have strengthened"Chai",a relational sense of community.This sense of community is achieved through shared experiences and memories,women's common life course and minority cultural characteristics,as well as the realization of cultural integration,and economic,social and psychological support.We find that a relational sense of community results from the mutual influences of multiple factors.Family is primarily an important part of older women's lives,and thus family support is the driving force behind older women's participation in"Chai".In turn,women feel empowered through"Chai"and are able to play a strong nurturing role in the family.Therefore,these women's sense of community is anchored in a triangle relationship of"Chai"-Self-Family.In addition,influenced by Xinjiang's folk culture of charity,while older women participate in public affairs through"Chai",they strengthen their sense of community through connection of"Chai"-Self-Society and become less oriented to themselves.This paper has introduced the concept of sense of community as a new dimension in the studies of women's groups as it expands on the mechanisms in manifestation and formation of sense of community in the context of multi-ethnic cultural integration.This introduction complements existing studies of a sense of community.In all,this study will provide a psychological governance approach to the promotion of strategies for positive aging in ethnic areas.