黑格尔的世界历史观及其对阐释中华民族自觉的启示

Hegel's View of World History and Its Implications for Interpreting the Self-Awareness of the Chinese Nation

“世界历史”概念的内在性关联是阐释中华民族自觉和中国式现代化的世界历史意义不可或缺的理论视角。黑格尔的“世界历史”不仅区别于古希腊罗马的“准历史”、基督教的神学史,而且在与普遍精神的本质关联中呈现出奠基于其上的“世界历史性民族”与“世界历史意义”的本质性内涵。黑格尔认为,只有自觉到普遍精神的民族才能成为世界历史性民族,也只有世界历史性民族才能承担起世界历史任务,并在开辟历史新纪元中具有世界历史意义。如果我们在原则性高度上把黑格尔普遍精神的历史还原为人类历史发展的现实性及其普遍必然性,就会发现它对阐释中华民族自觉的启示:中华民族之所以成长为世界历史性民族,是因为它已自觉地意识到历史之作为世界历史以及现代化之作为历史发展的普遍必然性;作为世界历史性民族的中华民族之所以具有世界历史意义,是因为它已跃出个体性民族伟业的界限,自觉承担起不同于西方式现代化的世界历史任务,并致力于开辟现代化新纪元、创造人类文明新形态。

The intrinsic relationship within the concept of"world history"provides an indispensable theoretical perspective for interpreting the world-historical significance of Chinese-style modernization.Hegel's"world history"not only distinguishes itself from the"quasi-history"of ancient Greece and Rome and the theological history of Christianity,but also presents the essential connotations of"world-historical nations"and"worldhistorical significance"in relation to the universal spirit.Hegel posits that only nations conscious of the universal spirit can become world-historical nations,and only world-historical nations can undertake world-historical tasks and possess world-historical significance in pioneering new historical epochs.If reframing the history of Hegel's universal spirit as the reality and universal necessity of human historical development,we can discern its implications for interpreting the self-awareness of the Chinese nation.The Chinese nation has grown into a worldhistorical nation because it has consciously recognized history as world history and modernization as a universal necessity of historical development.As a world-historical nation,China possesses world-historical significance because it has transcended the boundaries of individual national achievements,consciously undertaking worldhistorical tasks distinct from Western-style modernization.It is dedicated to pioneering a new era of modernization and creating a new form of human civilization.