张家山汉简《功令》所见汉初官吏迁补系统

The Promotion System of Officials in the Early Han Dynasty as seen in Gongling of Bamboo Scripts of Han Dynasty from Zhangjiashan

张家山汉简《功令》记载了环节完整且逻辑严密的汉初官吏迁补系统,主要由四条具有相对独立性的迁补序列共同组成,体现了分等、分类双重原则。带着这一视角,我们对官吏任命权再作考察,史职序列中的属尉佐、卒史秩级虽未至二百石,但仍需由丞相、御史负责迁补,足见分类原则在官制研究中的重要意义。由于汉初职官制度基本承袭秦制,可以据此合理逆推秦代官吏迁补系统,然而职官制度在西汉中后期经历较大嬗变,故无法据此顺推西汉中后期官吏迁补系统。

An integrated and logical bureaucrats promotion system was recorded in chapter Gongling of bam-boo scripts of Han dynasty from Zhangjiashan,which was composed by four independent promotion se-quences,and a dual-track principle of categorization and hierarchy was demonstrated in the system.A new case was found in the re-study with this aspect,that the appointment from Chengxiang and Yushi was still essential in the process of promotion of lower rank officials bellow 200 Shi like Shuweizuo and Zushi in Shi sequences of Han dynasty.In this case,the significance of categorization could be demon-strated in the study of bureaucrat system.The backwards inference of bureaucrats promotion system of Qin dynasty could be feasible,due to the inherition of the system between Qin and Han dynasties,while the inference of the system of late stage of Han dynasty could not be untenable,because of the huge transmutation of the system in this period.