三峡库区城镇化与生态韧性耦合协调的时空格局演变分析

Spatial-temporal Pattern Evolution of the Coupling and Coordination of Urbanization and Ecological Resilience in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

生态韧性是生态环境面对不确定性扰动的抵抗,恢复及适应能力。城镇化易导致一系列生态环境问题,如何使其与生态韧性间达到平衡,是实现既要发展又保生态的关键。通过构建城镇化与生态风险、抵抗、适应和恢复4维的生态韧性评价指标体系,采用耦合协调度模型和协调影响力指标测算2000~2020年三峡库区城镇化水平与生态韧性的耦合协调度,并对其时空变化格局进行分析。结果表明:(1)研究期内,三峡库区城镇化水平呈波动上升趋势,表现出西南向东北部递减的分布格局;生态韧性水平也呈上升趋势,并表现出与城镇化水平“错位”的空间分布特征。(2)各区(县)耦合协调度基本保持不变,主要处于“轻度失调”“濒临失调”“勉强协调”或“中级协调”阶段,且多表现出生态韧性滞后或城镇化受阻等不协调类型,空间上存在异质性,呈“东北-西南向”的三区域纵向分布格局。(3)不同生态韧性子系统对城镇化与生态韧性耦合协调度的作用力不同:生态风险、适应和恢复指数对整体耦合协调度普遍起反向阻碍作用,而生态抵抗指数对整体耦合协调度普遍起正向推动作用,并且其强度呈常年持稳特征。以新型城镇化引领区域协调发展,并通过合理布局城市绿地、建立自然保护地体系,保护生态多样性关键地区等方法提高生态韧性,是未来三峡库区实现城镇化与生态韧性协调可持续发展的主要路径。

Ecological resilience is the ability of the ecological environment to resist,recover and adapt to uncertainty.Urbanization is prone to lead to a series of ecological and environmental problems.Balance of urbanization and ecological resilience is the key point that should be considered in achieving sustainable development and ecological preservation.In this paper,a 4-dimensional ecological resilience evaluation index system of urbanization and ecological risk,resistance,adaptation and recovery was constructed.The coupling coordination degree model and coordination influence index were used to calculate the coupling coordination degree of urbanization and ecological resilience in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area from 2000 to 2020.The spatial-temporal evolution pattern was further analyzed.The results showed that:(1)during the study period,the urbanization level of the Three Gorges Reservoir area showed a fluctuating upward trend,indicating a decreasing distribution pattern from southwest to northeast;The level of ecological resilience also showed an upward trend,and demonstrated the spatial distribution characteristics of"misalignment"with the level of urbanization.(2)The coupling and coordination degree of all districts(county)remained basically unchanged,mainly at the stage of"slight imbalance","impending imbalance","reluctant coordinated"or"intermediate coordination",most of which showed uncoordinated types of lagging ecological resilience or being hindered from urbanization.There was spatial heterogeneity in space,showing a three-region vertical distribution pattern of"northeast-southwest direction".(3)The effects of different ecological resilience subsystems on the coordination degree of urbanization and ecological resilience were different.Ecological risk,adaptation and recovery index generally hindered the overall coupling coordination degree,while the ecological resistance index generally promoted the overall coupling coordination degree,and its intensity was stable throughout the year.In the future,paths of leading coordinated regional development by new urbanization,improving ecological resilience by reasonably distributing urban green space,establishing a nature reserve system,and protecting key areas of ecological diversity were suggested for the coordinated and sustainable development of urbanization and ecological resilience in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.