不同胎龄早产儿的生存状况及其变化趋势

Survival status and trends of preterm infants of different gestational ages

随着围产新生儿医学的进步, 新生儿死亡率明显降低, 其中足月儿死亡例数减少更加显著。早产儿死亡在新生儿死亡中占比明显升高, 已成为新生儿死亡的主要问题。由于早产儿胎龄跨度大, 不同胎龄早产儿的病死率和死亡原因存在明显差异。围产医学工作者需要对不同胎龄早产儿病死率状况了解并重视。近年来, 发达国家中晚期早产儿的病死率在2%以下, 不同胎龄的极早产儿病死率波动于1%~6%, 不同胎龄的超早产儿存活率波动于60%~95%。与发达国家相比, 我国中晚期早产儿病死率基本相似, 极早产儿病死率正在逐渐接近, 超早产儿存活率尚有较大差距。本文综述国内外不同胎龄早产儿的生存状况特点及其变化趋势, 以期加强对早产儿预后的关注。

With advancements in perinatal and neonatal medicine,neonatal mortality rates have significantly decreased,particularly among full-term infants.However,the proportion of preterm infant deaths within neonatal mortality has markedly increased,making preterm infant mortality a critical concern.Due to the wide range of gestational ages among preterm infants,there are significant differences in mortality rates and causes of death depending on gestational age.It is crucial for perinatal medical professionals to recognize the varying mortality rates of preterm infants of gestational ages.In recent years,the mortality rate of late preterm infants in developed countries has been below 2%,with the mortality rate of very preterm infants varying from 1%to 6%depending on their gestational age,while the survival rate of extremely preterm infants of different gestational ages ranges from 60%to 95%.Compared to developed countries,China has achieved a similar mortality rate for late preterm infants,and the mortality rate for very preterm infants is gradually approaching that of developed countries.Nevertheless,there remains a significant gap in the survival rate of extremely preterm infants.This article reviews the characteristics and trends in the survival of preterm infants of different gestational ages both domestically and internationally,aiming to enhance the attention to preterm infant outcomes.