脱硫石膏改良剂治理盐碱地的专利技术进展

Advances in invention patents related to flue gas desulfurization gypsum amendments for ameliorating saline-alkali soils

基于incoPat专利数据库对2003—2022年利用脱硫石膏改良剂治理盐碱地技术领域的520件专利进行计量学统计。结果表明:利用脱硫石膏改良剂治理盐碱地的专利年申请量呈先上升后下降的趋势,高峰时(2016年)年申请量为115件。高校和科研院所的专利授权数量高于企业,但高校与企业联合授权的专利数量占总数的15.6%。共有37件专利获得转化且其中有7件发生质押,占授权总数的33.3%,均为高校转让给企业、企业质押融资。70%以上专利的配方都由3种或以上的物料组成,主要成分包括有机物料、无机矿物、微生物菌剂和养分补充剂等。与不施用或施用其他类型改良剂的土壤相比,施用脱硫石膏改良剂的功效主要是降低土壤pH值、碱化度及减少对作物生长有害的盐分离子,提高土壤Ca^(2+)、SO_(4)^(2-)、全量和速效氮磷含量,从而改良了盐碱地。整体而言,脱硫石膏改良剂研发日趋成熟,部分创新成果已经转化为现实生产力,相关专利的价值也日益凸显。

[Objective]Saline-alkali soil is an important reserve resource of cultivated land and potential granary in China,and its management and utilization are related to national food security.Therefore,innovative techniques and amendments should be developed to address these challenges in saline-alkali regions.Among these,calcium supplementation is recognized as one of the most effective methods for ameliorating saline-alkali soil.In the past two decades,gypsum from the desulfurization of flue gas(FGDG)in coal-fired power plants has become a preferred calcium source for ameliorating saline-alkali soil because of its high calcium content and economic feasibility.Given that FGDG has developed into a soil amendment and has been widely used,a profound understanding of the progress of its patents can provide technical guidance for the large-scale amelioration of saline-alkali soil.[Methods]Based on the incoPat global patent database,a bibliometric analysis was conducted on 520 invention patents in the field of using FGDG to ameliorate saline-alkali soil from 2003 to 2022.The application and authorization trends,high-yield mechanisms,operational status,substance composition,and their correlation with patents in this field were systematically analyzed.In addition,a comparative analysis was conducted on the effectiveness of 52 patents with application cases.[Results]The results showed that the annual number of patent applications for using FGDG amendments to ameliorate saline-alkali soil has a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,with a peak period of 115 patents in 2016.Most patents take 20-30 months from publication to authorization.However,the overall proportion of authorization has shown a decreasing trend.The number of patents granted by universities and research institutes is higher than that granted by enterprises,whereas the number of patents jointly granted by universities and enterprises accounts for 15.6%of the total.A total of 37 patents were converted,7 of which were pledged,accounting for 33.3%of the total number of grants,all of which were transferred by universities to enterprises and pledged by enterprises for financing.More than 70%of patents comprised three or more substances,primarily including organic and inorganic minerals,microbial agents,and nutrient supplements.Organic materials can directly provide nutrients for the soil to make up for the shortage of FGDG in terms of nutrients,with the frequency of application as high as 95.7%,followed by inorganic minerals,which account for 44.5%;microbial agents,which account for 41.3%;and nutrient supplements,which account for 21.3%.Compared with soils with or without other types of amendments,the application of FGDG amendments significantly decreased soil pH,exchangeable sodium percentage,and salt ions that are toxic to crop growth and increased soil Ca^(2+),SO_(4)^(2-),and total/available nitrogen and phosphorus contents,which provided a better soil environment,thereby increasing crop yield.[Conclusions]Generally,research and development on FGDG amendments for saline-alkali soil amelioration have matured,and some innovative achievements have been transformed into real productivity;thus,the value of related patents has been increasingly highlighted.However,problems such as the relatively simple composition of current patents,unclear technical requirements for the amount of application and method,and serious homogeneity of patents have been encountered.In the future,we should strengthen the cooperation among schools,enterprises,universities,and research institutes,intensify research on the FGDG formula used in saline-alkali soil,and enhance the application benefits of FGDG amendments.