免疫学及分子生物学检测技术在慢性肺曲霉病早期诊断中的应用研究

Study on the Application of Immunology and Molecular Biology Detection Technology in the Early Diagnosis of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis

目的 探讨免疫学及分子生物学检测技术在慢性肺曲霉病早期诊断中的应用效果。方法 非随机选取2020年1月—2023年8月西安医学高等专科学校附属医院收治的110例疑似慢性肺曲霉病患者为研究对象,均为其开展免疫学及分子生物学检测技术检测,以病原学检查结果为金标准,分析免疫学及分子生物学检测技术在慢性肺曲霉病早期诊断中的效果。结果 分子生物学肺泡灌洗液-实时荧光定量核酸扩增检测系统(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid-quantitative real-time PCR,BALF-QPCR)对慢性烟曲霉病进行诊断的准确度为88.18%(97/110),灵敏度为87.78%(79/90),阴性预测值为62.07%(18/29),高于免疫诊断方法的72.73%(80/110)、68.89%(62/90)、39.13%(18/46),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.590、10.513、10.526,P均<0.05)。结论 分子生物学检测技术在慢性肺曲霉病早期诊断中可取得更高的诊断灵敏度,可使慢性肺曲霉病得到有效的早期诊断。

Objective To explore the application effect of immunological and molecular biological detection techniques in the early diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.Methods A total of one hundred ten patients with suspected chronic pulmonary aspergillus treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical College from January 2020 to August 2023 were non-randomly selected as the study objects,and immunological and molecular biological detection techniques were carried out for all of them.The results of etiological examination were used as the gold standard to analyze the effect of immunological and molecular biological detection techniques in the early diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.Results The diagnostic accuracy,sensitivity and negative predictive value of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid-quantitative real-time PCR(BALF-QPCR) for chronic aspergillosis were 88.18%(97/110),87.78%(79/90) and 62.07%(18/29),respectively,which were higher than 72.73%(80/110),68.89%(62/90) and 39.13%(18/46) of the immunodiagnosis method,the differences were statistically significant(χ2=7.590,10.513,10.526,all P<0.05).Conclusion Molecular biological detection technology can achieve higher diagnostic sensitivity in the early diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis,and can make the early diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis effective.