从脱贫攻坚到共同富裕:易地扶贫搬迁后续治理模式创新研究

From Poverty Eradication to Common Wealth:Innovations in Follow-up Governance Models for Poverty Relocation

共同富裕是中华民族千百年来的夙愿,易地扶贫搬迁为实现全体人民共同富裕夯实了物质基础、社会基础等。本文以广西崇左市B县易地扶贫搬迁安置H社区为个案,基于共同富裕背景和目标构建“共同富裕——空间变动——社会适应”的分析框架,明确易地扶贫搬迁政策演变规律及边疆地区区位特点,探究边疆地区易地扶贫搬迁后场域变化导致的过渡性困境,并提出应对策略。通过调查发现,易地扶贫搬迁安置社区移民因为实践场域变化,原有的物理空间、社会关系、精神归属感等被解构,并在新场域再生产中形成连锁效应。整合迁入地治理资源,提升治理能力,解决搬迁适应难题,激发移民的发展内生动力,事关保障移民的权益和脱贫攻坚成效的巩固。通过构建政治信任,重塑物理场域、精神交往关系等,加强理论对话,激活脱贫群众的融入和发展潜在动力,消解对社区共同体的认同障碍,赋予脱贫群众新身份,能够铸牢中华民族共同体意识,稳步走向共同富裕。

Common wealth is the long-cherished wish of the Chinese nation for thousands of years,and land-based poverty alleviation and relocation has strengthened the material and social foundation for realizing the common wealth of all people.Taking H community of B county of Chongzuo city of Guangxi as a case study,this paper constructs the analysis framework of‘common wealth-spatial change-social adaptation'based on the background and goal of common wealth,clarifies the evolution law of the policy of landbased poverty alleviation and relocation and the location characteristics of the border area,explores the transitional dilemmas caused by the change of the field after the relocation of poverty alleviation and relocation in the border area,and puts forward coping strategies.Through the investigation,it is found that migrants in the relocation community of the relocation for poverty alleviation are deconstructed of their original physical space,social relations,and spiritual sense of belonging because of the change of the practice field,and a chain effect is formed in the reproduction of the new field.Integrating the governance resources of the relocation site,improving the governance capacity,solving the difficulties of relocation adaptation,and stimulating the development of the migrants‘endogenous motivation are related to the protection of the migrants'rights and interests and the consolidation of the effectiveness of poverty alleviation.By building political trust,reshaping the physical field,spiritual interaction relations,etc.,strengthening theoretical dialogue,activating the potential motivation for integration and development of the people who have been lifted out of poverty,dissolving the obstacles to identification with the community community,and giving the people who have been lifted out of poverty new identities,the sense of a community of destiny of the Chinese nation can be forged firmly,and the people can move steadily towards common prosperity.