实习护生临床归属感的潜在类别及影响因素分析

Latent profile analysis and influencing factors of clinical belongingness among nursing interns

目的探索实习护生临床归属感的潜在类别及其特征差异,分析不同类别的影响因素,为制订精准干预策略提供参考。方法2023年3月22日—12月7日,便利选取浙江、江西、安徽、河南11所医院实习的836名护生作为调查对象,应用一般资料调查问卷、临床归属感量表(护生版)、杰弗逊共情量表(护生版)、感知压力量表调查,以潜在剖面分析识别实习护生临床归属感的类别及其特征,并通过无序多分类logistic回归模型分析不同类别的影响因素。结果实习护生临床归属感分为3个类别,分别为低(46.89%)、中(44.74%)、高归属型(8.37%)。相较于低归属型,男护生归入高归属型的概率更高(OR=2.504,P=0.011);父亲职业为创业人员的实习护生归到中归属型的概率更高(OR=1.923,P=0.037);共情能力越强归到中归属型、高归属型的概率越高(OR=1.054,P<0.001;OR=1.052,P<0.001);而感知压力越小归入中归属型、高归属型的概率越高(OR=0.898,P<0.001;OR=0.816,P<0.001)。结论实习护生临床归属感普遍不高且存在异质性,可分为3个类别。院校护理教育管理者可根据不同类别特征差异进行精准干预,以提高实习护生的临床归属感。

Objective To explore the latent categories and characteristics of clinical belongingness among nursing in-terns,and to analyze the influencing factors of various categories,so as to provide references for formulating precision in-tervention strategies.Methods From March 22 to December 7,2023,a total of 836 nursing students from 11 hospitals in Zhejiang,Jiangxi,Anhui,and Henan were conveniently selected as survey participants.General demographic informa-tion questionnaires,belongingness scale-clinical placement experience,Jefferson scale of physician empathy for nursing students,and perceived stress scale were utilized for investigation.Latent profile analysis was employed to identify cate-gories and characteristics of clinical sense of belonging among internship nursing students.An unordered multinomial lo-gistic regression model was utilized to analyze the factors associated with latent categories of clinical belongingness.Re-sults The clinical sense of belonging among nursing interns can be classified into three categories:low(46.89%),moderate(44.74%),and high belonging(8.37%).Compared to those in the low belonging category,male nursing in-terns had a higher likelihood of belonging to the high belonging category(OR=2.504,P=0.011).Nursing interns whose fathers work as entrepreneurs are more likely to belong to the moderate belonging category(OR=1.923,P=0.037).The probability of belonging to the moderate and high belonging categories increases with stronger empathy(OR=1.054,P<0.001;OR=1.052,P<0.001),and the likelihood of belonging to the moderate and high belonging categories increases with lower perceived stress(OR=0.898,P<0.001;OR=0.816,P<0.001).Conclusion The clinical sense of belonging among nursing interns is generally moderate and exhibits heterogeneity,categorized into three distinct groups.Nursing education administrators can implement precise interventions based on the characteristic differ-ences among these groups to enhance the clinical sense of belonging among nursing interns.