国家安全“本身”与“相关”——“国家安全包括什么不包括什么”辨析

National Security"Itself"and"Related":What does National Security Include andWhat does it Not Include

国家安全包括一个国家所有国民的安全、所有领域的安全、所有方面的安全、所有层级的安全,是一个国家所有国民、所有领域、所有方面、所有层级安全的总和。把一个国家的任何安全置于国家安全之中,都不是国家安全概念的“泛化”。国家安全不包括诸如民族问题、宗教问题等各种影响国家安全的因素,也不包括诸如恐怖主义、新冠疫情等各种威胁危害国家安全的因素,还不包括军事、情报、外交、警务、国家安全法治建设、国家安全体制完善等各种传统和非传统的国家安全保障活动、保障措施、保障能力等。这些是国家安全的各种“相关”,而不是国家安全的“本身”。无论是把影响和威胁危害国家安全的各种因素置于国家安全之中,还是把保障国家安全的各种活动、措施、手段、认识、思想、理论、能力等置于国家安全之中,都是国家安全概念的“泛化”。只有科学严谨地认识“国家安全包括什么”和“国家安全不包括什么”,才能真正认识国家安全概念“泛化”问题,既避免把不是“泛化”说成“泛化”,也避免对真正的“泛化”视而不见、认识不足。

National security includes the security of all citizens of a country,the security of all fields,all aspects and all levels of a country,and it is the sum total of all above.It is not a"generalization"of the concept to place any security of a country within national security.National security does not include factors affecting it,such as ethnic and religious issues;nor does it include factors endanger it,such as terrorism and new epidemics.It also does not include traditional and non-traditional national security activities,measures and capabilities,such as military,intelligence,diplomatic and police activities.Whether the various factors that affect and endanger national security are placed in national security,or the various activities,measures,means,awareness,ideas,theories and so on that safeguard national security are placed in national security,it is the"generalization".As long as we have a scientific and rigorous understanding of"what does national security include"and"what does it not include",we will be able to truly understand the problem of the"generalization",so as to avoid both saying"generalization"when it is not,and turning a blind eye to genuine"generalization"and allowing it to proliferate.