多源流理论视域下《职业学校兼职教师管理办法》修订的政策议程与展望

he Policy Agenda and Prospect of the Revision of the Management Measures for Part-time Teachers ir Vocational Schools from the Perspective of Multiple Steams Theory

完善职业学校兼职教师队伍的管理不仅是助推职业教育高质量发展的有效路径,更是赋能教育强国建设的必然之举。基于多源流理论,《职业学校兼职教师管理办法》的修订主要源于三重动力:职业学校教师队伍的供需矛盾、“兼职教师管理”的现实矛盾和“校热企冷”的深层矛盾构成的“问题源流”;相关政策的推动、政策提案与理论研究成果的支撑构成的“政策源流”;党和国家领导人的高度重视、国民情绪对职业教育高质量师资队伍的殷切期待构成的“政治源流”。三条源流两两交织并产生多层次耦合效应——经过问题源流与政治源流的碰撞后产生初步耦合,政策源流与问题源流的交汇后实现接续耦合,政策源流与政治源流的汇聚后实现深度耦合,最终三源流耦合交融的合力共同推开“政策之窗”。未来,应以问题源流为导向,关注职业学校兼职教师管理的现实困厄;以政策源流为补充,优化职业学校兼职教师管理政策的选择空间;以政治源流为动力,发挥国家重要战略的引领性作用;以三源流耦合为契机,把握政策创新的关键时机。

Improving the management of part-time teachers in vocational education is not only an effective way to promote the high-quality development of vocational education,but also an inevitable move to empower the construction of a powerful education country.Based on the theory of multiple steams theory,the revision of the"Measures for the Administration of Part-time Teachers in Vocational Schools"is mainly due to three driving forces:the"problem steams"composed of the contradiction between supply and demand of teachers in vocational schools,the realistic contradiction of"part-time teacher management"and the deep contradiction of"school hot and enterprise cold";the"policy steams"is composed of the promotion of relevant policies,the support of policy proposals and theoretical research results;the"politics steams"is composed of the high-attention of the party and state leaders and the ardent expectation of the national sentiment for the high-quality teaching staff of vocational education.The steams are intertwined and produce multi-level coupling effects.After the collision of the problem stream and the political stream,the initial coupling is generated.After the intersection of the policy stream and the problem stream,the continuous coupling is realized.After the convergence of the policy stream and the political stream,the deep coupling is realized.Finally,the resultant force of the coupling and blending of the three streams jointly opens the window of policy.In the fiture,we should take the problem steams as guidance,and pay attention to the practical dificulties of the management of part-time teachers in vocational schools;optimize the choice space of management policy for part-time teachers in vocational schools with the supplement of policy steams;take the political steams as the driving force,and play the leading role of the national important strategy;take the coupling of three steams as an opportunity to grasp the key opportunity of policy innovation.