区块链智能合约纠纷解决的可能性边界

The Possibilities for Blockchain Smart Contract Dispute Resolution

基于区块链智能合约的去中心化、自动执行、防篡改等特性,衍生出以“去中心化司法”为理论内核的链上民主自治式治理方式。然而,无论是技术层面还是法理层面,基于区块链机制设计与博弈论相结合的“去中心化司法”均与传统中心化解纷机制之间存在兼容性难题。在我国语境下,所谓的司法区块链智能合约依然是以“衍生论”维度的存证为主,极少涉及“本体论”维度的链上原始交易,未曾真正关注链上纠纷解决机制的适用。为了实现“去中心化司法”与传统中心化救济机制的有效衔接,实质性化解区块链智能合约纠纷,有必要以预防原则、正当法律程序、当事人权利保障为基点,从法律与技术等层面构建具有可操作性的递进式解纷路径。既尊重区块链的技术逻辑,为链上治理保留一定的自治空间,又为传统纠纷解决机制的介入提供必要的程序保障。

Drawing on the decentralized,self-executing,and tamper-resistant nature of blockchain smart contracts,a method for on-chain democratic and autonomous governance centered around"decentralized justice"has emerged.However,there exists a compatibility issue between this concept and the traditional centralized dispute resolution mechanism,both technically and jurisprudentially.In the context of China,judicial blockchain smart contracts primarily focus on the"derivative"dimension of evidence,and rarely involve the"ontological"dimension of the original transactions on the chain,neglecting the application of on-chain dispute resolution mechanisms.To bridge the gap between"decentralized justice"and traditional centralized relief mechanism,and effectively resolve the disputes related to blockchain smart contracts,a three-dimensional progressive approach to dispute resolution is needed.This approach should be grounded in principles of precaution,due process,and protection of parties'rights,operating at both legal and technical levels.By respecting the technical logic of blockchain,creating space for on-chain governance autonomy,and ensuring procedural guarantees for intervention in traditional dispute resolution,a harmonious and effective resolution path can be established.