中国海洋高新技术企业空间格局与区位选择因素

Spatial pattern evolution and location selection factors of Chinese marine high-tech enterprises

基于中国海洋高新技术企业数据分析,运用最近邻指数、核密度估计、热点分析等方法探究海洋高新技术企业的空间分布、分行业发展特征、集聚特征及热点分区,并采用地理探测器探究其空间分布的影响因素及其交互作用。结果表明:(1)中国海洋高新技术企业空间格局演化具有区域差异性,主要分布在京津冀、长三角、山东半岛、珠三角等区域;行业指向性分别以海水利用业、海洋生物医药业、海洋装备制造业等产业为主;(2)中国海洋高新技术企业总体及细分行业均具有空间集聚特征,3个发展阶段均通过显著性检验,空间集聚程度日趋明显;空间分布密度形成了4个高密度核心区,3个次密度核心区以及若干小核心区;(3)核心影响因素主要为产业基础、经济基础、区域特性和政策,不同因素交互作用对企业空间分布的影响力均大于各因素单独作用的影响力。

Marine high-tech enterprises are the core carrier and main organization of the marine high-tech industry.The identification of their location characteristics and influencing factors is of great significance for optimizing the spatial layout of regional industries and accelerating the high-quality development of the marine economy.Based on the data analysis of China's marine high-tech enterprises,in this paper the nearest neighbor index,kernel density estimation,hot spot analysis and other methods are adopted to explore the spatial distribution,sub-industry development characteristics,agglomeration characteristics and hotspot division of marine high-tech enterprises.Meanwhile,geographic detectors are used to explore influencing factors and interactions of their spatial distribution.The results show that:(1)The temporal and spatial evolution of China's marine hightech enterprises in three different development stages has obvious regional differences and industry orientation,that is,the overall pattern is"dense in the north and sparse in the south","high in the east and low in the west",and the distribution is concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,Shandong Peninsula,Pearl River Delta and other regions;industries such as seawater utilization,marine biomedicine,and marine equipment manufacturing are the main industries.(2)Both the overall and sub-industries of China's marine high-tech enterprises have the characteristics of spatial agglomeration.All the three development stages have passed the significance test,and the degree of spatial agglomeration is becoming more and more obvious;the spatial distribution density has formed 4 high-density core areas and 3 sub-density core areas and several small core areas;hot spots are mainly concentrated in the Bohai Rim,Yangtze River Delta,and Pearl River Delta.(3)The main core influencing factors are industrial base,economic base,regional characteristics and regional policies.The influence of the interaction of different factors on the spatial distribution of enterprises is greater than the influence of each factor alone.