后藤新平与近代日本“超然主义”政治思想的嬗变

The Transmutation of"Chozen"-ism Political Thought in Modern Japan and Its Embodiment in Colonial Rul-Centeringon—Goto Shinpei

近代日本政党政治兴起之后,藩阀寡头所主张的“超然主义”理念由于缺乏对民意的重视,无法真正实现无视政党的目标,在主流政界逐渐式微。与此同时,“超然主义”却在被日本侵占的中国台湾、“满铁”附属地等地残留,其中关键人物是后藤新平。后藤新平先后在中国台湾和“满铁”积累了十年的侵略“统治”经验,他的“统治思想”中呈现出明显“怀柔”当地民众、统合民意的特征,从而进一步发展了“超然主义”的内涵。在后藤新平回国担任国务大臣后,他摸索的新型“超然主义”也开始对日本国内政坛产生影响。在后藤新平去世后不久,随着普选的发展和政党政治的衰落,新官僚继承了他的“超然主义”,尝试组阁并无视政党,这对之后的日本法西斯体制构建起到了推动作用。

Since the rise of party politics in modern Japan,the feudal clans have advocated that the governing concept of"Chozen"-ism should be applied to maintain the so-called political justice and reject party politics.However,the"Chozen"-ism failed to meet the goal of rejecting party politics for a lack of emphasis on public opinion and declined in the mainstream politics.Even so"Chozen"-ism was quietly introduced into the governing concept of Taiwan China and South Manchurian Railway,with Goto Shinpei being a key figure.He once colonized Taiwan China and Manchurian Railways for ten years,whose rule distinctly featured reigning the local people with benignity and unifying their opinions.Therefore,Goto Shinpei further developed the concept of"Chozen"-ism.As he returned back to Japan and served as the Secretary of State,his new"Chozen"-ism began to affect Japanese politics.Soon after Goto Shinpei passed away,new bureaucrats carried forward his"Chozen"-ism and attempted to reject political parties,which contributed to the construction of the fascism of Japan.