中世纪英国的市场治理——以王室市场监察官为例

Market Management in Medieval England from the Perspective of the Royal Clerk of the Market

12世纪英国商业化加速发展,与之相伴的是管理人员的正规化,王室市场监察官应运而生。该官职在13世纪下半叶出现,隶属于王室衣储,负责监管王国的经济活动。度量衡是经贸往来的重要媒介,王室市场监察官负责检查度量衡标准,确保其规范使用,并有权通过法庭惩处违法者。王室市场监察官依法行使职权的同时,其权力也受监督,地方各级政权也参与其中。该官职展现了中世纪英国在市场治理中依法治理、规范治理和合作治理的特点。由此促进了市场的高效管理,保障了经济活动的有序进行,为中世纪英国经济的持续发展提供了法理基础和政治框架。

The development of the commercialization has accelerated since the 12t"century,accompanied by the regularization of the administrative staff,the royal clerk of the market was one.He sprang from the wardrobe in the latter half of the 13"century whose mission was to oversee the economic activities.Weights and measures were essential in markets and the royal clerk of the market was responsible for the proper usage.He was entitled to punish those who used the false ones through the court.The royal clerk of the market exercised his authority according to the law.He was overseen in the meantime to avoid misconducts.Local governments at all levels participated in this management.The royal clerk of the market represents the characteristics of rule of law,normative governance and cooperative governance in medieval England's market management.These characteristics promote the efficiency of the market management,which provides a legal basis and political framework for the sustained economic growth in medieval England.