殖民规训的异化:美属菲律宾库里昂隔离制度与麻风病人的反抗

The Alienation of Colonial Discipline:The Segregation System in Culion of American-governed Philippines and the Resistance of Leprosy Patients

20世纪初,美国出于殖民利益考量决定在美属菲律宾实施麻风病隔离制度,并于1904年建立库里昂隔离区。美国在隔离区通过法律、教育、纪律等多种方式,非人道地严苛规训麻风病人的社会、经济、文化生活,麻风病人包括自主生活权在内的基本人权遭到剥夺。他们以逃跑、拒绝治疗和劳动、秘密结婚、武力斗争等群体自发反抗行为,挑战隔离制度和殖民秩序。鉴于殖民规训的异化结果,美国殖民者逐步放宽对库里昂隔离区的管制,并建立区域治疗站来调整麻风病隔离制度。美国在菲殖民统治缩影的库里昂隔离制度折射出,即使在受到严重限制的殖民环境中,基于种族主义使命观的殖民规训非但难以建立起对菲律宾民众的有效统治,相反还会面临普遍反抗,进而冲击解构预设的殖民秩序。

American decided to implement a leprosy segregation system in Philippines in consideration of colonial interests,and established the Culion Colony in 1904.In the segregation area,the American colonialists inhumanly and harshly regulated the social,economic and cultural life of the lepers through various means,such as law,education and discipline,so that the lepers were deprived of their basic human rights.They challenged the segregation system and the colonial order through spontaneous acts of resistance by the group,such as running away,refusing treatment and labour,marrying in secret and rebelling with force.In view of the alienating results of colonial discipline,the American colonists gradually deregulated the Culion Colony and set up regional treatment stations to adjust the leprosy segregation system.The segregation system of Culion,the epitome of American colonial rule in the Philippines,reflected the fact that,even in a severely restricted colonial environment,colonial discipline based on a racist vision of the mission could not establish effective domination over the Filipino population,but rather faced widespread resistance,which in turn impacted the deconstruction of the preconceived colonialorder.