农地确权真能提高农业生产效率吗——基于农业现代化维度的考察

Can Agricultural Land Titling Really Improve Agricultural Production Efficiency:An Examination in the Dimension of Agricultural Modernization

农地确权对农业生产效率的重要性似乎是一种共识,本文基于中国金融调查数据,运用倾向得分匹配双重差分基准模型和异质性模型,进行理论分析和实证检验后发现,农地确权对农业生产规模效率、纯技术效率和综合效率的影响均未达预期。如果没有相匹配的农业合作组织以及完善的社会化服务水平,农地确权本身并不会通过提高农地流转率或改善长期投资激励等方式来提高农业生产效率。与此同时,本文证实农地确权对农业生产规模的效率决定,受农业生产合作组织和社会化服务水平影响较大,而农业生产纯技术效率则不受影响。但综合看来,社会化服务水平的完善情况对农业生产综合效率的影响要优于农业生产组织对农业生产综合效率的影响。因此,现阶段单纯推动农地确权制度改革对农业生产效率的促进作用不大,而进一步提升农业现代化水平,把同质性小农户组织起来,发展适度规模经营,提供包括外包机制在内的社会化服务,才能真正实现农业生产规模效率和综合效率的有效提升。

There seems to be a consensus on the importance of farmland titling on agricultural production efficiency.Based on data from the China Financial Survey,this paper uses propensity score matching double difference benchmark models and heterogeneity models,and theoretical a⁃nalysis and empirical tests reveal that the impact of farmland titling on agricultural production scale efficiency,pure technical efficiency,and overall efficiency falls short of expectations.In the absence of matching agricultural cooperative organizations and improved social service levels,land titling by itself does not improve agricultural production efficiency by increasing the rate of agricul⁃tural land transfer or improving long-term investment incentives or otherwise.The paper also con⁃firms that the efficiency decisions of agricultural land titling on the scale of agricultural production are more influenced by the level of agricultural production cooperatives and social services than by the pure technical efficiency of agricultural production.However,on balance,it seems that the im⁃provement of the level of socialization services has a better impact on the overall efficiency of agri⁃cultural production than the impact of agricultural production organizations on the overall efficiency of agricultural production.Therefore,at this stage,simply promoting the reform of agri⁃cultural land titling system has little effect on promoting the efficiency of agricultural production,while further improving the level of agricultural modernization,organizing homogeneous smallholder farmers,developing moderate scale operation,and providing socialized services inclu⁃ding outsourcing mechanism can truly achieve effective improvement of the scale efficiency and comprehensive efficiency of agricultural production.