流域库坝安全“空—天—地—水”立体监测研究进展

Progress in Research on 'Air-Space-Ground-Water' Integrated Monitoring of Watershed Dam Safety

流域库坝安全运行事关国家水安全、能源安全与经济社会绿色发展。库坝安全监测是合理评价库坝安全运行性态的基础,对保障高库大坝长期稳定安全运行意义重大。本文系统探讨了流域库坝安全监测的内容与方法,并重点分析了“空—天—地—水”立体监测技术的最新研究进展与趋势。随着卫星遥感、无人机、物联网、大数据、电子通信、人工智能等技术的融合应用,对流域高库大坝的表面变形、内部变形、渗流渗压、应力应变、水位和降雨量等关键指标的监测能力显著提升,为库坝安全管理提供了新的思路与方法。最后,本文通过典型案例分析,展示了“空—天—地—水”监测技术在流域库坝安全监测中的应用效果,并对其研究进展进行了总结与展望。

The safe operation of reservoirs and dams is critical to national water security,energy security,and sustainable socioeconomic development.Reservoir and dam safety monitoring serves as the foundation for a comprehensive evaluation of their operational stability,and is of paramount importance to ensuring the long-term,stable,and safe operation of large,high dams.This paper systematically explores the content and methods of reservoir and dam safety monitoring,with a particular focus on the latest research developments and trends in "air-space-ground-water" integrated monitoring technologies.The integration of satellite remote sensing,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),the Internet of Things(IoT),big data,electronic communications,and artificial intelligence has significantly enhanced the capacity to monitor key indicators such as surface deformation,internal deformation,seepage pressure,stress-strain,water levels,and rainfall in large,high dams within watersheds.These advances provide new approaches and methods for the safety management of reservoirs and dams.Finally,through the analysis of typical case studies,this paper demonstrates the application of "air-space-ground-water" monitoring technologies in reservoir and dam safety monitoring,and offers a summary and outlook on the research progress in this field.