中国耕地保护补偿体系研究

Research on Cultivated Land Protection Compensation System

耕地是国家粮食安全的物质基础,保护耕地就是保护生命线.耕地保护补偿制度是落实国家最严格耕地保护制度的重要支撑,对于调动各主体耕地保护积极性,保障国家粮食安全和社会稳定至关重要.综合运用理论分析、案例分析和归纳演绎等方法,深入探讨了耕地保护补偿体系的理论认识、实践现状、完善思路及框架构想.研究结果:(1)外部性内部化、发展权转移、义务保有量和耕地保护生态效应等是理解耕地保护补偿内涵、测算耕地补偿标准的理论视角,为耕地保护补偿体系的构建提供了理论依据.(2)通过普惠性经济补偿、业绩奖励等模式的实践探索,耕地保护补偿制度取得了一定成效,有效调动了各主体保护耕地的积极性,但仍存在补偿对象和标准未分类分级、补偿标准偏低、补偿资金的来源不稳定以及缺乏相应法律法规和配套措施等问题.(3)构建耕地保护补偿体系需深化耕地系统“四维”体系认识,明确耕地保护补偿的核心问题.(4)提出从国家补偿分区体系、科学合理的补偿标准体系、耕地保护补偿效应评估体系3个方面构建耕地保护补偿体系的基本框架.

Cultivated land is the fundamental guarantee for national food security,and protecting it is the safeguard of the lifeline.The compensation system for cultivated land protection plays a vital role in maintaining national food security and social stability.This study explores the theoretical understanding,practical status,improvement ideas,and framework concept of the cultivated land protection compensation system through theoretical analysis,case analysis,and inductive reasoning.The research results are as follows:①The assessment of the internalization of externalities,the transfer of development rights,the compulsory holding amount,and the ecological effects of cultivated land protection provide multiple perspectives and theoretical bases for the construction of the cultivated land protection compensation system.②Through practical explorations such as inclusive economic compensation and performance incentive models,the implementation has achieved remarkable results,but there are still issues such as the lack of classification and grading of compensation objects and standards,low compensation standards,unstable sources of compensation funds,and the absence of corresponding laws,regulations,and supporting measures.③The improvement ideas include:implementing land use guarantees,improving the utilization efficiency of cultivated land,enhancing the understanding of the four-dimensional system of cultivated land and the theory of land development rights,deepening the understanding of the geographical conditions of cultivated land,and clarifying the core issues of cultivated land protection compensation.④The framework of the cultivated land protection compensation system is conceived from three aspects:the national compensation zoning system,a scientific and reasonable compensation standard system,and a cultivated land protection compensation and effect evaluation system.