从拥堵收费到超低排放区的变化看伦敦未来交通政策的导向

Meditation on London's Future Transport Policy Orientated from Congestion Charging Scheme to Ultra Low Emission Zone Scheme

从伦敦中央区拥堵收费到伦敦全域超低排放区,伦敦道路交通管理政策在二十年中呈现若干变化,政策导向从单纯以缓解交通拥堵为目的,逐步过渡到以推动清洁能源车辆使用和提高居民可持续方式的出行比重为目标。无论是拥堵收费计划还是超低排放区计划,伦敦道路交通管理政策的核心依据是车辆排放标准,并且政策措施启动前经过充分的论证、落地实施也相对到位。然而,随着新能源车辆、清洁技术等的发展与普及(例如当新能源车辆占全部车辆的比例占据主导时),拥堵收费和超低排放区是否仍以车辆排放标准为核心依据?这将是交通管理政策面临的新问题和挑战,作为拥堵收费和车辆排放收费的先行者,伦敦案例及其经验在国内不同规模的城市应该会有启示,伦敦未来交通政策的导向值得国内城市关注。

During the past twenty years,London's road transport management policy shifted from Central London Congestion Charging to Citywide Ultra Low Emission Zone,its policy aim stared with mere congestion alleviation and gradually to promotion of clean vehicle usage and raising the share of sustainable modes of travel by the London residents.Congestion Charging or Ultra Low Emission Zone Scheme,both implementation used the vehicle emission standard as core evidence and both underwent lengthy meticulous study beforehand and achieved enforcement effects later on.However,as the development and adoption of green energy vehicles and clean technology increased,abiding by the core evidence might encounter emerging issues and challenges.As the forerunner in the field of congestion charging and vehicle emission charging,London's case and London's achievements in this area would present some hints to mainland cities of different sizes and London’s future policy orientation is worth being paid attention to.