可再生能源驱动的碱性水电解制氢技术研究与优化

Research and Optimization of Alkaline Water Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production Driven by Renewable Energy

近年来,可再生能源发展迅速,然而由于其间歇性、波动性和随机性的特点,并网过程中对电网冲击较大,导致弃电现象十分严重。利用可再生能源发电通过水电解的方式制取氢气可以有效解决可再生能源的弃电问题。碱性水电解制氢技术发展较为成熟,但在适配可再生能源时,仍存在电解效率低、灵活性不足等问题。本文研究碱性水电解制氢技术的组成与结构,分析其技术研究现状及发展趋势。结论表明,为适应可再生能源的间歇性、波动性和随机性,碱性水电解制氢技术应从槽体结构、关键材料和运行条件三方面进行优化以提高其电解效率和灵活性。

In recent years,the development of renewable energy has been rapid.However,due to the intermittent,fluctuating, and casual natures, it has a significant impulse on the power grid when integrated into the power grid, which leads to severe power abandonment.Utilization of renewable energy for hydrogen production by water electrolysis can be an effective way to address this problem.Alkaline water electrolysis is relatively developed.However, when paired with renewable energy, it still has problems such as low electrolysis efficiency and insufficient flexibility.Herein,the composition and structure,as well as the research status and development trend of alkaline water electrolysis are analyzed.It is indicated that tank structure,key materials,and operating conditions of alkaline water electrolysis should be optimized to improve the electrolysis efficiency and flexibility, which could make it more adaptable for renewable energy with intermittent, fluctuating, and casual natures.