人环互构视角下外籍志愿者的志愿行动研究——以南京市R国际化社区为例

A Study on the Voluntury Action of Foreign Volunteers from the Perspective of Human Environment Interaction——Taking Nanjing R International Community as an Example

国际化社区呈现出成员多国化、文化信仰多元化、治理复杂化的特征,如何将外籍居民转化成参与国际化社区治理的志愿力量,成为国际化社区治理创新效能实现的重要基础。基于志愿行动分析的个体论、环境论,延伸拓展出人环互构的分析框架,以南京市R国际化社区为案例,探究国际化社区外籍居民转化为志愿者的志愿行动历程。研究发现,志愿活动孕育阶段,社区孕育志愿服务环境,外籍居民持观望状态,志愿行动蓄势待发;志愿活动动员阶段,社区拓展志愿服务环境,外籍居民权衡后参与志愿服务,志愿行动破土进发;志愿活动发展阶段,社区深耕志愿服务软环境,外籍居民主动参与志愿服务,志愿行动如火如荼。基于此,促进志愿行动发生动态变迁的过程,是社区从管理到治理的志愿理念转型、志愿服务环境从单向到双向调适,以及外籍志愿者从工具理性到价值理性的转变。

International communities are characterized by multinational membership,diversified cultural beliefs and complicated governance.How to transform foreign residents into voluntary forces participating in international community governance has become an important basis for realizing the innovative effectiveness of international community governance.Based on the individualistic theory and environmental theory of voluntary action analysis,we extend the analysis framework of Human-Environment interaction.By taking the case of R International Community in Nanjing,we explore the process of volunteer action of foreign resident volunteers in international communities.It is found that,in the incubation stage of volunteer activities,the community provides the volunteer service environment,and the foreign residents stay in a wait-and-see state,and the volunteer action is ready to start.In the mobilization stage of volunteer activities,the community expands the volunteer service environment,and foreign residents participate in volunteer service after weighing up,and volunteer action begins.In the development stage of volunteer activities,the community deeply cultivates the soft environment of volunter service,and foreign residents actively participate in the volunteer service,and volunteer activities are in full swing.Based on this,the factors that promote the dynamic change of voluntary action are the transformation of volunteer concept from management to governance in the community,the adjustment of volunteer service environment from one-way to two-way,and the transformation of foreign volunteers from instrumental rationality to value rationality.