志愿者权益立法保障的瓶颈突破:志愿者类型再造

Volunteering Legislation Difficulties Broken:Reclassification of Volunteers

志愿者的权益保障问题是志愿服务领域的核心论题。尽管《志愿服务条例》自颁布实施以来为维护志愿者权益提供了法治保障,但是其仍未能有效解决我国志愿者权益保障难题。有关志愿者权益保障的立法条文操作性不强是这一难题产生的表象,而其根源则在于当前立法难以调和不同志愿服务类型的志愿者和同一志愿服务类型中不同种类的志愿者的权益需求差异。再造统一的、可以纳入不同志愿者类型的新分类标准或许是解决这一问题的良方。结合当前理论研究成果和社会实践经验,可以将我国不同志愿服务类型按照常态化和非常态化进行划分,将志愿者种类按照长期型和临时型进行划分。在这一分类建构下,我国志愿者类型有四种。厘清这四种志愿者类型有助于重塑和明确我国当前立法规定的志愿者范畴,而根据这一范畴可以优化立法有关志愿者权益落实和救济条文,切实提高立法的可操作性,同时为志愿服务法的制定提供参考。

Protecting the rights of volunteers is a core issue in the field of volunteerism.China's existing legislation still fails to effectively address the difficulties in safeguarding the rights of volunteers in China,which is due to the fact that the current legislation makes it difficult to reconcile the differences in the rights of different volunteers.Constructing a new classification standard may be a measure to solve this problem.Combining the current theoretical research and social practice experience,China can classify volunteering according to regular and non-regular,and volunteers according to long-term and temporary.Under this classification,volunteers in China are roughly divided into four types.The clarification of these four types of volunteers will help to improve the effectiveness of China's legislation on the protection of the rights of volunteers,and also provide ideas for the introduction of the law on volunteer service.