改革开放以来社会工作学术语境的演变——以费孝通、雷洁琼、卢谋华为中心的考察与分析

The Evolution of Academic Context in Social Work Since the Reform and Opening-up up:An Investigation and Analysis Centered on Fei Xiaotong An Investigation and Analysis Centered on Fei Xiaotong,Lei Jieqiong Lei Jieqiong,and Lu Mouhua

在社会工作学术语境中,社会工作发展格局、实务范畴、研究领域以及社会功能是厘清社会工作本质的核心话语体系,是构建学术互动的重要资源。费孝通、雷洁琼、卢谋华等老一辈社会学家和社会工作学家力推社会工作的恢复重建,做出了许多精辟论述和深刻论断。本文以这三位先生的社会工作学术话语为中心加以分析,进而考察改革开放以来社会工作学术语境的演变。研究发现,他们立足当代中国的政治架构、文化传统和社会心理,从不同侧重点揭示出当代中国社会工作的本质特征和发展轨迹,深刻影响了当代中国社会工作的实践形态。

In the academic context of social work,the development pattern,practical scope,research field and social function of social work are the core discourse sys‐tems for clarifying the essence of social work,and are important resources for con‐structing academic interaction.Fei Xiaotong,Lei Jieqiong,and Lu Mouhua,the older generation of sociologists,have vigorously promoted the restoration and recon‐struction of social work,making many insightful statements and profound judg‐ments.They explored the relationship between social work and civil affairs work and tried to find a professional interpretation of social work.Looking back at the history of social work in China since the reform and open‐ing up,from the restoration and reconstruction of social work in 1987,to the clear proposal of building a grand social work talent team by the state in 2006,and to the establishment of the Society Work Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee in 2023,social work has always been closely linked to the main theme of state governance,deeply embedded and promoted the process of social gov‐ernance in the country.The article is based on a dual perspective of history and con‐temporary times,using methods such as literature review and logical analysis.It focuses on the writings and judgments of Fei Xiaotong,Lei Jieqiong,and Lu Mouhua to analyze the functions of social work in different historical processes and the struc‐tural motivations behind them.It attempts to explore the changes and logical shifts in the academic context of social work in China over the past 40 years of reform and opening up,in order to explore the logical starting point and knowledge reproduction issues of the development of social work in China in the context of reality.Relevant departments of the country and many sociologists have made impor‐tant contributions to the restoration and reconstruction of sociology and social work.As an integral part of applied sociology,social work has been brought up again with the need for“remedial courses”in sociology.In the early stages of reform and open‐ing up,with changes in the economic system and social structure,new social prob‐lems gradually emerged,and the existing social service system faced challenges.At this time,the civil affairs department had to undertake traditional responsibilities while exploring new service methods.The development of social work is accompa‐nied by the professionalization process of civil affairs departments,and there is an in‐separable relationship between social work and civil affairs work.The older generation of sociologists and social workers,led by Fei Xiaotong,Lei Jieqiong,and Lu Mouhua,have been deeply contemplating how social work can be restored,developed,participate in social management,and interact with existing social service systems.Based on specific development stages,they adhere to the logi‐cal approach of“civil affairs work is social work”and strive to find a framework and guiding principles that are in line with the development of social work in China.The article research has found that,the social administrative structure summarized by Fei Xiaotong,which combines specialized agency management with departmen‐tal decentralization,has been the basic pattern of social work in China since the re‐form and opening up,and has had a profound impact on the development of macro social work in contemporary China.Lei Jieqiong’s famous proposition that“civil af‐fairs work is social work with Chinese characteristics”has defined the practical field of professional social work and constituted the professional foundation of contempo‐rary Chinese social work.Lu Mouhua’s division of the development stages of con‐temporary Chinese social work not only has demonstrated the understanding of the development of contemporary Chinese social work in the field of social work re‐search,but also summarized the social functions of contemporary Chinese social work.The three gentlemen are all based on the political structure,cultural traditions and social psychology of contemporary China,revealing the essential characteristics and development trajectory of contemporary Chinese social work from different per‐spectives,and exerting a concentrated influence on the practical forms of contempo‐rary Chinese social work.