免疫检查点抑制剂相关性肺炎的发病机制及预测标志物的研究进展

Pathogenesis and predictive markers of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonia

目的近年来,免疫检查点抑制剂在治疗恶性肿瘤中取得了飞跃性进展,可使多种恶性肿瘤得到长久缓解,包括曾经被认为用传统治疗方案难以取得良好临床缓解的恶性肿瘤。然而,免疫治疗会引起特定的毒性反应,称为免疫相关不良事件。免疫相关性肺炎是免疫治疗的不良事件之一,严重影响免疫治疗的疗效,甚至危及患者生命。因此明确免疫相关性肺炎的发病机制,发现有价值的早期识别免疫相关性肺炎的生物标记物具有重要的临床意义。本文重点对免疫性肺炎的发病机制、潜在的预测标志物以及目前面临的新挑战进行综述。

Recently,immune checkpoint inhibitors have made great progress in the treatment of malignant tumors,leading to long-term remission in various cancers,including malignant tumors that could not achieve favorable clinical outcomes via traditional therapeutic regimens.However,immunotherapy can induce specific toxic effects known as immune-related adverse events(irAEs).Immune-related pneumonia is an adverse event of immunotherapy that attenuates its clinical effectiveness and endangers the lives of patients.Therefore,it is of great clinical significance to clarify the pathogenesis of immune-related pneumonia and identify relevant biomarkers for its early detection.This article reviews the pathogenesis of immune-induced pneumonia,potential predictive markers,and the new challenges being faced.