婴幼儿川崎病急性期肠道菌群的特征分析

Characteristics of intestinal microbiota in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease in infants and children

目的分析婴幼儿川崎病(Kawasaki disease,KD)急性期肠道菌群的构成、丰度及功能差异,探索肠道菌群在KD发病机制中的作用。方法前瞻性选择2021年7—10月在首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院心血管内科住院的6例0~3岁KD急性期婴幼儿为KD组,选取同期体检的年龄、性别匹配的6例健康婴幼儿为健康对照组。采用宏基因组测序检测并比较两组婴幼儿粪便样本的菌群结构及功能差异。结果两组样本肠道菌群在结构组成、多样性分析方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。KD组婴幼儿肠道菌群中单核细胞增生李斯特菌(李斯特菌科、李斯特氏菌属)、鲁塞蒂双歧杆菌、海氏肠球菌、鸟肠球菌丰度高于健康对照组(|LDA|>2,P<0.05)。KD组中类固醇降解和细胞凋亡通路较健康对照组显著升高,而细菌分泌系统、硫代谢、丁酸甲酯代谢、苯甲酸降解、β丙氨酸代谢、α亚麻酸代谢等通路显著减低(|LDA|>2,P<0.05)。结论0~3岁KD急性期婴幼儿肠道菌群在结构及多样性方面与健康婴幼儿相比均有显著差异,提示KD急性期存在肠道菌群紊乱,尤其是单核细胞增生李斯特菌、海氏肠球菌、鸟肠球菌可能通过类固醇降解及细胞凋亡参与KD的发病机制。

Objective To study the composition,abundance,and functional profiles of the intestinal microbiota in infants and young children with Kawasaki disease(KD)during the acute phase,and to explore the potential role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of KD.Methods Six children aged 0-3 years with acute KD admitted to the Department of Cardiology,Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from July to October 2021 were prospectively included as the KD group.Six age-and sex-matched healthy children who underwent physical examinations at the hospital during the same period were selected as the healthy control group.Metagenomics sequencing was used to detect and compare the differences in the microflora structure and functional profiles of fecal samples between the two groups.Results There were significant differences in the structural composition and diversity of intestinal microbiota between the two groups(P<0.05).Compared with the healthy control group,the abundance of Listeria_monocytogenes(family Listeriaceae and genus Listeria),Bifidobacterium_rousetti,Enterococcus_avium,and Enterococcus_hirae was significantly higher in the intestinal microbiota in the KD group(|LDA|>2.0,P<0.05).The steroid degradation and apoptosis pathways were significantly upregulated in the KD group compared with the healthy control group,while the Bacterial_secretion_system,Sulfur_metabolism,Butanoate_metabolism,Benzoate_degradation,β-alanine metabolism,andα-linolenic acid pathways were significantly downregulated(|LDA|>2,P<0.05).Conclusions There are significant differences in the structure and diversity of intestinal microbiota between children aged 0-3 years with acute KD and healthy children,suggesting that disturbances in intestinal microbiota occur during the acute phase of KD.In particular,Listeria_monocytogenes,Enterococcus_avium,and Enterococcus_hirae may be involved in the pathogenesis of KD through steroid degradation and apoptosis pathways.