西藏地区超重肥胖人群心肺耐力的影响因素

Influencing Factors of Cardiorespiratory Endurancein Overweight and Obese People in Xizang Region

目的:探讨西藏地区20∼59岁超重肥胖人群心肺耐力的影响因素。方法:数据来源于西藏国民体质监测数据20∼59岁人群部分,根据肥胖标准筛选出超重肥胖人群数据,有效样本量1627例。体质测试内容包括身体形态、身体机能和身体素质。采用t检验和单因素方差分析比较各组心肺耐力相关指标的差异,采用卡方检验和多元回归模型分析影响肥胖人群心肺耐力的因素。结果:西藏拉萨、林芝、那曲地区20∼59岁人群超重肥胖总检出率为33.03%,超重/肥胖且中心性肥胖检出率(15.24%)>单纯超重(12.67%)>单纯中心性肥胖(4.02%)>单纯肥胖(1.11%)。西藏超重肥胖者心肺耐力数据比较:单纯超重>单纯中心性肥胖>单纯肥胖>超重肥胖且中心性肥胖。西藏20∼59岁超重肥胖人群心肺耐力占比依次为“良好”(38.66%)>“优秀”(31.04%)>“中等及以下”(30.3%)。随肥胖指标的升高,超重肥胖人群心肺耐力呈下降趋势。BMI>25.75 kg/m2、腰围>94 cm、体脂率>26.92%、腰臀比>0.93时心肺耐力显著下降(均P<0.05)。心肺耐力与肥胖指标BMI(r=-0.24)、腰围(r=-0.31)、体脂率(r=-0.89)、腰臀比(r=-0.64)均呈显著负相关(均P<0.01),其中体脂率对心肺耐力负性影响较大(χ2=260.05,P<0.01)。西藏肥胖者心肺耐力受性别、年龄、肥胖类型及体育锻炼因素的影响显著。与心肺耐力“中等及以下”比较,在“良好”等级中,男性、偶尔运动、经常运动与心肺耐力“良好”呈正相关;在心肺耐力“优秀”等级中,年龄40∼59岁、单纯肥胖、单纯中心性肥胖,超重/肥胖且中心性肥胖与心肺耐力“优秀”呈负相关;男性、偶尔运动、经常运动与心肺耐力“优秀”呈正相关(均P<0.05)。其中经常运动(OR=7.42,95%CI:4.95∼11.09)对心肺耐力为“良好”影响较大,性别(OR=16.64,95%CI:11.79∼23.47)对心肺耐力为“优秀”影响较大。结论:西藏地区20∼59岁超重肥胖者心肺耐力受性别、年龄、肥胖类型及体育锻炼影响显著,与年龄、肥胖呈负相关,与男性、体育锻炼呈正相关。经常进行体育锻炼(30 min/d,3 d/week以上)对西藏肥胖人群心肺耐力改善有积极作用。肥胖相关指标与心肺耐力均呈负相关,其中体脂率对心肺耐力负性影响较大。

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of cardiorespiratory endurance in overweight and obese people aged 20~59 years in Xizang.Methods:The data were derived from the part of Tibetan national physical fitness monitoring data for people aged 20~59,and the data of overweight and obese people were screened according to the obesity standard,yielding an effective sample size of 1627 cases.The physical fitness test encompassed body shape,physical function,and physical quality.The t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the differences of cardiorespiratory endurance related indexes in each group,and the chi-square test and multiple regression model were used to analyze the factors affecting cardiorespiratory endurance in obese people.Results:In this study,the total detection rate of overweight and obesity among people aged 20~59 years in Lhasa,Linzhi,and Nagchu regions of Xizang was 33.03%,and the detection rate of overweight/obesity and central obesity was 15.24%>simple overweight 12.67%>simple central obesity 4.02%>simple obesity 1.11%.In Xizang,when comparing cardiorespiratory endurance data of overweight and obese people:simple overweight>simple central obesity>simple obesity>overweight combined with central obesity.Specifically,the cardiorespiratory function related indexes of overweight people are better than other obesity types,and the cardiorespiratory function related indexes of overweight/obese and centrally obese people are lower than other types(all P<0.05).In Xizang,the proportion of overweight and obese people aged 20~59 years with"good"cardiorespiratory endurance was 38.66%>"excellent"31.04%>"moderate and below"30.3%.The cardiopulmonary endurance of overweight and obese individuals exhibited a decreasing trend as obesity indices increased.The cardiopulmonary endurance decreased significantly when the BMI was>25.75 kg/m~2,waist circumference was>94 cm,body fat percentage was>26.92%,and waist-hip ratio was>0.93.Cardiorespiratory endurance was significantly negatively correlated with the obesity indexes of BMI(r=-0.24),waist circumference(r=-0.31),body fat percentage(r=-0.89),and waist-to-hip ratio(r=-0.64)(all P<0.01),with a greater negative effect of body fat percentage on cardiorespiratory endurance(χ~2=260.05,P<0.01).Cardiorespiratory endurance was significantly affected by gender,age,type of obesity and physical activity factors in obese Tibetans.In the"excellent"category,age 40~59,simple obesity,simple central obesity,and overweigh t/obesity with central obesity were negatively associated with"excellent"cardiorespiratory endurance;male,occasional exercise,and regular exercise were negatively associated with"excellent"cardiorespiratory endurance;and male,occasional exercise,and regular exercise were positively associated with"good"cardiorespiratory endurance."Excellent"was positively correlated with male,occasional exercise,and regular exercise(all P<0.05).Regular exercise(OR=7.42,95%CI:4.95~11.09)had a greater effect on cardiorespiratory endurance being"good",and gender(OR=16.64,95%CI:11.79~23.47)had a greater effect on cardiorespiratory endurance being"excellent".Conclusion:Cardiorespiratory endurance in overweight and obese people aged 20~59 years in Xizang was significantly affected by gender,age,type of obesity and physical activity:negatively correlated with age and obesity;and positively correlated with male and physical activity.Regular physical activity(30min/d,3d/week or more)had a positive effect on the improvement of cardiorespiratory endurance in the obese Tibetan population.Obesity-related indexes were all negatively correlated with cardiorespiratory endurance,with body fat percentage having a greater negative effect on cardiorespiratory endurance.