美国社区学院通识课程探微与借鉴

Exploration and Reflection on General Education Courses in American Community Colleges

通识教育是美国职业院校的显著特色之一。基于实用主义、要素主义、后人文主义理论梳理美国职业教育通识课程的三种价值取向,并透视美国职业教育通识课程的实践模式,具体包括:基于实用主义的能力本位教学模式、基于要素主义的转学衔接课程模式、基于人文主义的泛学习过程的综合评价模式。最后,提出我国职业教育通识课程设置的未来向度:树立全力服务于学生成才成长的设置理念,凸显学习能力的教学策略,呈现中国特色文化特质的内容建构,支持通专融合、专本贯通的衔接模式。

General education is a distinctive feature of vocational institutions in the United States.Based on the theories of pragmatism,elementalism,and post-humanism,this study delineated three value orientations of general education courses in American vocational education.It provides an insight into the practical models of these courses,which includes:a competency-based teaching model grounded in pragmatism,a transfer-oriented curriculum model rooted in elementalism,and a comprehensive evaluation system for the extensive learning process based on humanism.The paper proposes future directions for the setup of general education courses in China's vocational education from four perspectives.First,it suggests fully serving the development and growth of students in terms of conceptual setting.Second,it emphasizes the function of inspiring learning ability in teaching strategies.Third,it advocates for exhibiting cultural characteristics with Chinese elements in content construction.Finally,it supports integrated general and specialty education,as well as articulation between specialized diplomas and bachelor's degrees in the mode of connection.