2021—2023年河南省内脏利什曼病病例流行病学特征

Epidemiological features of visceral leishmaniasis cases in Henan Province from 2021 to 2023

目的分析河南省内脏利什曼病病例流行病学特征,为制定该省内脏利什曼病防控策略提供科学依据。方法在中国疾病预防控制中心传染病报告信息管理系统中,收集2021—2023年河南省报告的内脏利什曼病病例信息和流行病学调查资料,对病例发病时间、地区分布、人群特征及其诊断情况进行分析。结果2021—2023年河南省共报告内脏利什曼病病例93例,男女性别比为2.58∶1;外省输入病例2例,本地感染病例91例;3—5月、7—10月发病例数相对较多。病例年龄最小者7个月、最大者74岁,其中0~<10岁组(26例,27.96%)和60~<70岁组(24例,25.81%)病例数较多。病例职业分布以农民(47例,50.54%)和散居儿童(19例,20.43%)为主。91例本地感染病例分布于郑州市、洛阳市、安阳市、鹤壁市、三门峡市和许昌市。2021—2023年河南省内脏利什曼病病例发病-诊断时间中位数(四分位间距)为20(40)d,其中25.81%(24/93)的病例发病-诊断时间≤10 d,38.71%(36/93)的病例在11~30 d、35.48%(33/93)的病例在30 d后才得到诊断。病例诊断单位以省级(60.00%)和地市级医疗机构(28.89%)为主。结论当前河南省内脏利什曼病发病例数逐年增多,发病范围逐渐扩大,应加强病例、犬只和媒介监测,并采取筛查和管理犬只、防蛉灭蛉及健康教育等措施,以控制内脏利什曼病流行。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis cases in Henan Province,so as to provide insights into formulation of the visceral leishmaniasis control srtrategy.Methods All epidemiological data of reported visceral leishmaniasis cases in Henan Province from 2021 to 2023 were retrieved from the National Notifiable Disease Report Information Management System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,and the epidemiological features and diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis cases were descriptively analyzed.Results A total of 93 visceral leishmaniasis cases were reported in Henan Province from 2021 to 2023,with a male to female ratio of 2.58∶1,and including 2 imported cases from other provinces and 91 local cases.The number of visceral leishmaniasis cases peaked during the period between March and May,and between July and October.The reported visceral leishmaniasis cases had ages of 7 months to 74 years,with the largest number of cases found at ages of 0 to 9 years(26 cases,27.96%),followed by at ages of 60 to 70 years(24 cases,25.81%).Farmer(47 cases,50.54%)and diaspora children(19 cases,20.43%)were predominant occupations,and 91 local visceral leishmaniasis cases were found in 6 cities of Zhengzhou,Luoyang,Anyang,Hebi,Sanmenxia and Xuchang.The median duration from onset of visceral leishmaniasis to diagnosis was 20 days,and there were 25.81%(24/93)cases with 10 days and less duration from onset to diagnosis,38.71%(36/93)cases receiving diagnosis at 11 to 30 days following onset,and 35.48%(33/93)cases receiving diagnosis for more than 30 days following onset.All cases were predominantly diagnosed in province-(60.00%)and city-level(28.89%)medical institutions.Conclusions The number of visceral leishmaniasis is on the rise in Henan Province,with a gradually expanding coverage.Intensified monitoring of visceral leishmaniasis cases,dogs,and vectors,dog management,sandflies control and improved individual protection are recommended to prevent the spread of visceral leishmaniasis.