Relationship between portal hypertension and liver stiffness measurements in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma from the surgeon’s point of view in the Baveno VII era

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide(1).It often arises from the backgrounds of damaged liver due to viral hepatitis,alcoholic,or non-alcoholic liver disease.Although the proportion of patients with HCC of non-hepatitis B and C origins has increased in recent years,hepatitis B and C viruses still cause more than half of all carcinogenesis in patients with HCC(2).Patients with HCC often develop portal hypertension(PHT)from cirrhosis due to the deterioration of the background liver,which proves to be the greatest obstacle to various types of treatments for HCC.