铜冶炼炉渣浮选研究进展及发展趋势

Research Progress and Development Trend of Copper Smelting Slag Flotation

火法炼铜是金属铜资源的主要产出方式,每生产1 t铜将排放约2.2 t铜炉渣。铜炉渣的简单露天堆存不仅造成大量的土地资源浪费,同时也是对资源本身的浪费,并且铜炉渣中所含有的有毒有害组分还会导致土壤污染、水污染等一系列环境问题。因此针对铜炉渣的资源化利用不仅可以回收利用其中的有价金属,而且可以从源头解决由铜炉渣堆存导致的环境问题。在铜炉渣中,铜是最主要的有价金属资源。浮选法也是铜炉渣中铜资源回收最为经济和有效的方法。因此针对铜炉渣浮选领域的研究对实现铜炉渣的高效资源化利用有着十分重要的意义。从铜炉渣的矿物性质、浮选工艺和浮选药剂三个方面综合阐述了目前铜炉渣浮选领域的研究现状。从矿物特性出发,分析了铜炉渣浮选与天然铜矿物浮选之间的差异性,并总结了铜炉渣浮选工艺的独特性,着重介绍了目前常见的铜炉渣浮选药剂,并对其进行了归类总结,指明了不同类型的浮选药剂在铜炉渣浮选中的适用性以及作用机理,最后总结了铜炉渣独特的矿物特性以及目前铜炉渣普遍存在浮选回收率低、精矿品位低和尾矿品位高的原因。铜炉渣浮选仍然沿用传统硫化铜矿物的浮选药剂,药剂种类较少,因此应该根据铜炉渣的矿物特性开发更适用于铜炉渣的高效浮选药剂以及研发独特的铜炉渣磨矿设备和选矿工艺,以促进铜炉渣的高效资源化利用。

Copper pyrometallurgy is the main way of producing metallic copper resources,with approximately 2.2 tons of copper slag emitted for every 1 ton of copper produced.The simple open-air storage of copper slag not only causes a large amount of land resource waste,but also wastes resources.Moreover,the toxic and harmful components contained in copper slag can also lead to a series of environmental problems such as soil pollution and water pollution.Therefore,the resource utilization of copper slag can not only recover and utilize valuable metals,but also solve environmental problems caused by copper slag storage.Copper is the most valuable metal resource in copper slag.Flotation is the most economical and effective method for recovering copper from copper slag.Therefore,research in the field of copper slag flotation is of great significance for achieving efficient resource utilization of copper slag.This article comprehensively elaborates on the current research status in the field of copper slag flotation from three aspects:mineral properties,flotation process,and flotation reagents.Starting from the mineral characteristics,the differences between copper slag flotation and natural copper mineral flotation were analyzed,and the uniqueness of copper slag flotation process was summarized.The main copper slag flotation reagents were introduced,classified and summarized.The applicability and mechanism of different types of flotation reagents in copper slag flotation were pointed out.Finally,the unique mineralogical characteristics of copper slag were summarized,as well as the reasons for low flotation recovery,low concentrate grade,and high tailings grade in copper slag.Copper slag flotation still uses traditional flotation reagents for sulfide copper minerals,with fewer types of reagents.Therefore,it is necessary to develop more efficient flotation reagents suitable for copper slag based on the mineralogical characteristics of copper slag,as well as develop unique copper slag grinding equipment and processing techniques to promote an efficient resource utilization of copper slag.