2021-2022年广东省5岁以下婴幼儿腹泻病例中A组轮状病毒分子流行病学分析

Molecular epidemiological analysis of group A rotavirus in diarrhea cases in children under 5 years of age in Guangdong Province,2021-2022

目的了解2021-2022年广东省病毒性腹泻监测哨点医院5岁以下腹泻患儿A组轮状病毒(group A rotavirus,RVA)的流行病学和基因型别特征,为RVA疫苗研发提供依据。方法收集2021-2022年5岁以下儿童腹泻患者的粪便标本共1858份,采用ELISA方法检测轮状病毒抗原,对阳性样本进一步测序分型。结果1858份样本中检出RVA阳性样本156例,阳性率8.4%;其中男女患儿的阳性率分别为8.76%、7.87%,男女性别阳性检出率差异无统计学意义;RVA感染在各年龄组检出率差异有统计学意义;RVA感染率从12月逐渐增高,次年1-4月达到高峰;2021年广东地区RVA主要流行株以G9P[8]亚型为主,国内少见的G8P[8]亚型呈上升趋势,2022年G8P[8]亚型检出率首次超越G9P[8]亚型。结论2021-2022年广东省5岁以下婴幼儿腹泻病例中RVA基因型别多样,G8P[8]亚型已成为主要流行基因型之一,仍需持续开展RVA基因型别监测以评估RVA相关疾病的风险。

This study investigated the epidemiological and genotypic characteristics of group A rotavirus(RVA)in children under 5 years of age with diarrhea at a viral diarrhea surveillance sentinel hospital in Guangdong Province from 2021 to 2022,to provide a basis for RVA prevention and control.A total of 1858 fecal samples from children under 5 years of age with diarrhea in 2021-2022 were collected.Rotavirus antigen was detected with ELISA,and positive samples were further sequenced and categorized.Among the 1858 samples,156 were RVA positive.The positivity rates in boys and girls were 8.76%and 7.87%,respectively.Significant differences were observed in the detection rates of RVA infection among age groups.The rate of RVA infection increased gradually from December to April of the following year.In 2021,the main endemic strains of RVA in the Guangdong region were of the G9P[8]subtype,and the rare G8P[8]subtype increased in China.In 2022,the G8P[8]subtype surpassed the G9P[8]subtype for the first time.In cases of diarrhea in infants younger than 5 years in Guangdong Province from 2021 to 2022,the RVA genotypes were diverse,the G9P[8]genotype significantly decreased,and the G8P[8]subtype became a dominant genotype.Continuous RVA genotype monitoring remains necessary to assess the risk of RVA-related diseases.