纳米递送系统介导的血脑屏障跨越策略和脑靶向药物递送研究进展

Research progress of blood-brain barrier crossing strategies and braintargeted drug delivery mediated by nano-delivery system

血脑屏障(blood-brain barrier,BBB)是存在于脑组织与血浆之间的半通透性生物屏障,然而其物理特性、酶特性、免疫特性及独特的转运机制严重限制了治疗药物和诊断试剂入脑,为脑部疾病防治带来了巨大挑战。基于此,本文首先总结并分析了BBB复杂的结构组分和多样的转运机制,探讨了跨越BBB药物递送的难点及可行途径;进而,介绍并讨论了各类纳米递送系统在跨越BBB实现脑内药物递送的最新研究进展及未来发展趋势,为进一步完善其设计和推动其转化提供了参考;最后,就常见脑部疾病中BBB的病理变化探讨了如何针对病理BBB设计相应的药物递送策略。本文强调了基于纳米递送系统的跨越BBB药物递送策略的设计与优化,并为目前脑内药物递送所面临的机遇和挑战提供了解决思路。

The blood-brain barrier(BBB)is a semi-permeable biological barrier between brain tissue and plasma,however,its physical,enzymatic and immune properties,as well as its unique transport mechanism severely limit the entry of therapeutic drugs and diagnostic agents into the brain,which poses great challenges for the prevention and treatment of brain diseases.Hence,this review summarizes and discusses the complex structural components and various transport mechanisms of BBB,and interprets the difficulties and feasible ways of drug delivery across BBB.Furthermore,the latest research progress and future development trends of various delivery systems for brain drug delivery are introduced and discussed to provide references for further perfecting their design and driving their transformation.Finally,this review discusses the pathological changes of BBB in brain diseases and the design of drug delivery strategies for pathological BBB.Collectively,this review highlights the design and optimization of drug delivery strategies across the BBB based on nano-delivery system and provides accessible guide for current opportunities and challenges of intracerebral drug delivery.