功能菌对石油烃降解及微生物群落结构变化的影响

Effect of Functional Bacteria on Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation and the Microbial Community Structure

该研究以天津地区某污染场地为依托,利用筛选得到的石油烃降解功能菌,设计了加菌组和对照组2根土柱对比试验。通过检测石油烃、HCO3-、CO32-的浓度,结合16S高通量测序探讨了功能菌对石油烃降解的影响,对比分析了反应前后的微生物群落结构并对测序结果进行功能预测。结果发现,功能菌的加入对石油烃的降解效果较为显著。柱内物种组成情况表明功能菌的加入改变了土柱内的微生物群落多样性,促进了脱硫杆菌门的增长,抑制了放线菌门的繁殖。Desulfoprunum主要存在于在2组试验的进水口,推测在2组试验的进水端均存在着硫酸盐还原反应,Thermincola在加菌组出水口的相对丰度较高,加菌组伴随着强烈的反硝化、铁还原反应。α多样性分析表明2组试验出水口的微生物群落多样性较高,β多样性分析则表明微生物群落结构可能与试验柱的空间位置有关。此外,生态网络分析发现变形菌门为试验的关键菌门,功能菌的加入促进了物种间的协同合作关系,PICRUSt2功能预测分析结果表明功能菌的加入仅增强了进水口中bamB、bamC和出水口中的badA、badDEFG的丰度。

Based on a polluted site in Tianjin area,the experiment was designed to compare two soil columns in the addition group and the control group by using the screened petroleum hydrocarbon degrading functional bacteria.The effects of the functional bacteria on petroleum hydrocarbon degradation were investigated by measuring the concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbon,HCO3-and CO32-,combining with 16S high-throughput sequencing,comparing the microbial community structure before and after the reaction,and predicting the function of the sequencing results.The results showed that the addition of functional bacteria had a significant effect on the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons.The species composition of the column showed that the addition of functional bacteria changed the microbial community diversity in the soil column,and the addition of functional bacteria promoted the growth of Desulfobrunum phylum and inhibited the reproduction of Actinobacterium phylum.Desulfoprunum was mainly present at the water outlet of the two groups of experiments,and it was speculated that sulphate redox reactions existed at the water inlet for both groups of experiments.The relative abundance of Thermincola was higher at the outlet of the bacterial addition group,which was accompanied by strong redox reactions such as denitrification and iron reduction.The analyses of alpha diversity showed that the microbial community diversity was higher in the two groups of test outfalls,while the analyses of beta diversity indicated that the microbial community structure may be related to the spatial location of the test columns.In addition,ecological network analysis revealed that Ascomycota was the key phylum in the tests,and the addition of functional bacteria promoted the synergistic and cooperative relationship among species.PICRUSt2 functional prediction analysis showed that the addition of functional bacteria only enhanced the abundance of bamB,bamC in the water intake,and badA,badDEFG in the water outflow.