论《民法典》信用条款的适用规则

On the Rules of Application of Credit Clause in Civil Code

《民法典》将信用的保护纳入人格权编。司法实践中,法院处理信用纠纷仍存在案由多样、适用主体不明、负担义务不清、赔偿范围不一等问题,理论上需要进一步从《民法典》信用条款出发,阐释信用的核心内涵、法律特性、权益属性以及保护方式等,并进一步细化《民法典》信用条款的适用规则,包括区分侵害信用的名誉侵权行为和信息侵权行为,明确信用信息条款的适用主体仅限于自然人,对于敏感性个人信用信息的处理者课加处理时的“特定目的+单独同意”义务,侵害信用的赔偿范围限于直接经济损失、精神损害赔偿等。

Civil Code includes the protection of credit into its Book IV“Personality Rights”.In judicial practice,when dealing with credit disputes,the courts still encounter the problems of various causes of action,unclear subjects of application,unclear contents of obligation and inconsistent scopes of compensation.Theoretically,it is necessary to further elaborate the core connotation,legal characteristics,right nature and protection methods of credit from the perspective of the credit clause of the Civil Code.It is also significant to refine the rules of application of the credit clause of the Civil Code by distinguishing the reputation infringements on credit from information infringements on credit,clarifying that the subject of application of credit information provisions is limited to natural persons,adding“specific purpose+separate consent”obligations to the processor of sensitive personal credit information,and limiting the scope of compensation for credit infringement to direct economic losses and compensation for mental damage.