热带果蔬中真菌毒素检测方法研究进展

Research Progress on Mycotoxin Detection Methods in Tropical Fruits and Vegetables

目的:热带果蔬的产地气候大多高温湿热,极易侵染多类真菌毒素导致其难保存、难运输,且对人体伤害巨大,因此,急切需要准确、快速、灵敏的真菌毒素类化合物的高通量检测方法。方法:综述近年来食品中真菌毒素的检测新方法,分析各种技术的特点,以期对热带果蔬中的真菌毒素检测及研究提供借鉴。结果:目前,热带果蔬中真菌毒素种类及含量分析工作主要分为样品的前处理和仪器检测两部分。样品前处理主要通过萃取、渗透、层析等技术手段将样品中真菌毒素进行提取、净化和浓缩等。仪器检测方法有薄层分析法、高效液相色谱法、液相色谱-串联质谱法和酶联免疫法等。结论:液相色谱-串联质谱法和荧光检测是真菌毒素种类及含量高通量检测的主要检测方法。分子印迹技术能够排除小分子物质对检测信号干扰,保护检测设备,同时减少样品用量,可用于色谱质谱、化学生物传感,是真菌毒素精准检测的新方向。

【Objective】The origin climate of tropical fruits and vegetables is mostly high,hot and humid,so it is easy to infect many mycotoxins,which leads to their difficult to preserve,difficult to transport,and great harm to human body.Therefore,accurate,fast and sensitive high-throughput detection methods of mycotoxin compounds are urgently needed.【Method】The new detection methods of mycotoxins in food and the characteristics of various technologies are summarized to provide reference for the detection and research of mycotoxins in tropical fruits and vegetables.【Result】At present,the analysis of the types and the content of mycotoxin in tropical fruits and vegetables is mainly divided into two parts:sample pretreatment and instrument detection.The sample pretreatment is mainly used for the extraction,purification and concentration of mycotoxins in the sample through extraction,infiltration,and chromatography.The instrumental detection methods include thin-layer analysis,HPLC,liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and enzyme-linked immunoassay.【Conclusion】Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and fluorescence detection are the main detection methods of mycotoxin species and content.Molecular imprinting technology can eliminate the interference of small molecular substances to detection signals,protect detection equipment,and reduce the amount of samples.It can be used for chromatographic mass spectrometry and chemical biological sensing,which is a new direction for accurate detection of mycotoxins.