日地L1近地小行星监测微卫星任务概述

Overview of Sun-Earth L1 Point Near-Earth Asteroid Monitoring Microsatellite Missions

地基天文望远镜观测近地小行星因逆光而存在视野受限的问题,在类金星轨道或日地L1点进行观测能获得更好的可见范围。本文提出了利用微卫星飞抵日地L1点进行近地小行星监测的任务,描述了任务微卫星的总体设计,详细分析了转移方案轨道设计,给出了载荷设计方案。通过本任务可以验证深空大速度增量电推微卫星总体设计、深空低能转移轨道设计、天文数据高性能在轨处理等多项深空微卫星关键技术,探索低成本深空探测的新模式。

The field of view for near Earth asteroids observed by ground-based astronomical telescopes is limited due to backlighting,while observing form a Venus-like orbit or at the Sun-Earth L1 point can provide better visible ranges.In this paper,a proposal is made to use microsatellites positioned at the Sun-Earth L1 point for monitoring near-Earth asteroids.The overall design of the mission microsatellites is described,the transfer orbit design is analyzed in detail,and a payload design scheme is provided.Through missions,several key technologies for deep space microsatellites are verified,including the overall design with large velocity increments using electric propulsion,the lowenergy transfer orbit design for deep space,and the high-performance on-orbit processing of astronomical data,thereby exploring a cost-effective approach to deep space exploration.