从信息化到数字化:政策演变、研究进展与前沿趋势

From Informatization to Digitization:Policy Evolution,Research Progress,and Frontier

基于政策文本梳理和文献计量分析,本文系统探讨了2001-2022年我国推进信息化发展的政策演变历程及阶段性特征,剖析了信息化到数字化研究的演进动态及前沿领域。结果表明:(1)我国信息化发展大致经历了信息化萌芽、信息化深入推进和数字化转型三个阶段,相关政策演变体现了城乡统筹和区域均衡发展的顶层设计逻辑,以产业与治理的数字化为核心、各领域全面渗透的实践逻辑,构建多元主体共建共治共享格局的内生驱动逻辑,以及数据要素市场化的需求牵引逻辑;(2)研究呈现领域多元化、方向前沿性、重点突出、及时回应现实关切等典型特征,新一代信息技术如何赋能工业转型升级、智慧城市发展、数字乡村建设和如何构建数字经济的治理体系成为过去一段时期的研究主线;(3)近期研究持续聚焦数字经济、数字乡村、数字金融、数字鸿沟、数据要素等方面,尤其是大数据、人工智能、区块链等新技术的特性、应用、影响和治理研究热度持续上升;(4)数字化实践面临数字城乡融合程度低、区域数字鸿沟明显、产业与治理数字化短板、数据要素治理滞后等多重挑战。未来研究和政策设计需更加关注县域数字经济与数字城乡融合发展体制机制、小微市场主体的数字参与驱动机制及共富效应、全产业链数字化转型与高效能数字治理的协同、数字化转型驱动下的零工经济健康有序发展、数据要素治理机制等热点与前沿问题。

Based on the policy text sorting and bibliometric analysis during 2001-2022,we systemati-cally discuss the course of policy evolution and characteristics for each stage of informatization,and ana-lyze the evolution logics and frontier trends of informatization and digitization.Results show that the infor-matization in China has experienced three stages:germination of information technology,promotion of in-formation technology,and digital transformation.Relevant policies reflect the logic of connecting urban and rural areas and facilitating a balanced regional development in the top-level design,taking industry and governance as the core and penetrating into the other fields in the policy implementation,and enab-ling multiple subjects and constructing a pattern of co-construction and sharing for endogenous develop-ment,as well as the demand traction logic of data element marketization.These studies have the typical characteristics of diversified fields,cutting-edge direction,prominent focus,and timely response to the public concerns,while the transformation of industries enabled by the new generation of information tech-nologies,the development of smart cities and digital villages,and the construction of a digital governance system that meets the needs of digital economy have become the main focus of studies in the past period.Recent studies focus on digital economy,digital village,digital finance,digital divide,data factor,and others,while the characteristics,application,impact and governance of new technologies such as big da-ta,artificial intelligence and blockchain has increasingly attracted much attention.Practice faces several challenges,such as low level of digital urban-rural integration,regional digital divide,weak links in in-dustry and governance digitization,and poor governance of data elements.Future research and policy de-sign should pay more attention to the mechanism of developing county-level digital economy,digital par-ticipation and its impact on micro market participants,coordination between the digital industrial chain and digital governance system,gig economy driven by digital transformation,and governance mechanism of data elements.