多重转型背景下乡村小规模学校的政策演进及其特征——基于国家与地方的政策文本互动

The Policy Evolution and Features of Small-scale Rural Schools in the Context of Multiple Transformations——Text Interaction Based on National and Local Policies

在鼓励生育的政策背景和出生人口减少的实际现状、城镇化发展与乡村振兴推进的多重张力之间,区域教育资源配置视角下的乡村小规模学校作为我国教育系统的“神经末梢”和教育现代化的短板,受到前所未有的重视。对现有国家政策和31个省(自治区、直辖市)及新疆生产建设兵团的相关政策进行梳理,分析政策演进理路与特征、政策文本的互动模式,是教育强国建设的政策切入点。研究发现,乡村教育的政策体系直接受到国家传统城镇化、新型城镇化和乡村振兴战略的影响;各个省份通过地方政策的制定,因地制宜地配套落实国家政策,彰显出地方政策的创造性。21世纪以来,我国教育政策在多重转型的背景下,政策文本的互动呈现出从效率与规模转向公平与质量的价值立场、从行政发包转向协调互动的央地互动模式、从职责同构转向有序超越的县级包干模式三大特征与转变。

In the context of policies encouraging childbirth and the actual situation of a declining birth population,as well as the multiple tensions between urbanization development and rural revitalization,the development of small-scale rural schools from the perspective of regional education resource allocation,as the“nerve endings”of China's education system and the weakness of China's education modernization,has received unprecedented attention.This paper provides a timely overview of existing national policies and relevant policies of 31 provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities directly under the central gov-ernment)and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,examining the evolution and characteristics of these policies and the interaction mode of policy texts,and offering an entry point for the constructing an educational powerhouse.The research finds that the policy system for rural education is directly influ-enced by the country's traditional urbanization,new urbanization,and rural revitalization strategies;Each province has demonstrated the creativity in local policy formulation and implementation in according with national policies.Since the beginning of the new century,the interaction between policy texts has shown three major characteristics and transformations:shifting from efficiency and scale to a value standpoint of fairness and quality,shifting from administrative contracting to a central-local interaction model of coordi-nated engagement,and shifting from responsibility isomorphism to an orderly and surpassing county-level contracting model.