陕西长青自然保护区扇脉杓兰物候期及花部形态观测

Observation of Phenological Phases and Floral Morphology of Cypripedium japonicum var.segawianum in Shaanxi Changqing Nature Reserve

扇脉杓兰为国家二级保护植物。2021-2023年,通过野外调查和定点观测的方式,对长青保护区华阳辖区3个区域的扇脉杓兰居群进行物候期、自然结实率、生境等生物学特性观察,同步进行花部形态观察。结果表明,扇脉杓兰每年3月底到4月上旬新芽萌出,中旬花葶抽出并花始开花,中下旬进入盛花期,群体花期20~25 d,5月上旬花瓣开始枯萎,同时授粉成功的花朵子房开始增大,果实9~11月成熟,自然条件下结实率约4.94%。本研究通过对其物候期、花朵特性和结实情况等进行观测描述,旨在为该物种的有效保护提供理论依据,为该地区后面的引种、繁殖及育种工作奠定必要的科学基础。

The Cypripedium japonicum is a national second-grade protected plant.From 2021 to 2023,biological characteristics such as phenological period,natural fruiting rate,and habitat,as well as floral morphology,were observed in the fan-veined alyssum populations in the three regions by means of field surveys and sentinel observations.The results showed that in the past it sprouted new buds in the first half of April each year,the scape was drawn out in mid-April when the flowers started to bloom,and in the second half of the year it entered into full bloom,with a flowering period of 20-25 days,and the petals began to wither in the early of May,and at the same time the successful pollination of the flowers began to increase the size of the ovary,and the fruits ripened from September to November,and the fruition rate was about 4.91 percent under natural conditions.This paper aims to provide a theoretical basis for the effective conservation of this species by observing its phenological period,flower characteristics and fruiting,and to lay the necessary scientific foundation for the introduction,propagation and breeding of this species later in the region.