5种杀菌剂对油橄榄叶枯病菌的毒力测定及对病害的田间防效评价

Evaluation of the Virulence Determination of Five Fungicides against Phomopis olea-europaea and Field Efficacy in Disease Control

采用菌丝生长速率法,室内测定百菌清、代森锰锌、苯醚甲环唑、甲基硫菌灵及吡唑醚菌酯5种杀菌剂对油橄榄叶枯病菌Phomopis olea-europaea的抑制作用,并在2 a生油橄榄离体叶片上开展5种杀菌剂对叶枯病的药剂保护试验,将筛选出具有较好的抑菌和保护作用的杀菌剂进行田间防效试验。结果表明:5种杀菌剂对油橄榄叶枯病菌均具有一定的抑制作用,其中吡唑醚菌酯和苯醚甲环唑2种杀菌剂均具有较好的抑菌。采摘橄榄果后,对橄榄园适时清除病枝落叶,每隔10~15 d用波尔多液进行2次基础预防消灭越冬病原,翌年在油橄榄新叶长出后,每隔7~10 d喷洒25%吡唑醚菌酯1000倍液或37%苯醚甲环唑1400倍液2次进行防治,可有效地降低油橄榄叶枯病菌的传播和侵染,对油橄榄叶枯病具有明显的防治效果。

Using the mycelial growth rate method,the inhibitory effects of five fungicides,including chlorothalonil,mancozeb,difenoconazole,thiophanate-methyl,and pyraclostrobin on P.olea-europaea were determined in laboratory conditions.A protective trial of these five fungicides against P.olea-europaea was conducted on detached leaves of 2a olive trees.The fungicides that exhibited strong inhibitory and protective effects were selected for field trials to assess their efficacy in controlling the disease.The results indicated that all five fungicides had,to some degree,inhibitory and protective effects against P.olea-europaea significantly,pyraclostrobin and difenoconazole stood out as highly effective in suppressing the pathogen and protecting the plant.After harvesting the olives,it is recommended to timely remove disease-infected branches and fallen leaves from the olive orchard.Apply Bordeaux mixture twice,with an interval of 10-15 days,as a basic preventive measure to eliminate overwintering pathogens.In the following year,when new leaves emerge on the olive trees,apply either 25%pyraclostrobin at a dilution of 1:1000 or 37%difenoconazole at a dilution of 1∶1400 twice,with an interval of 7-10 days,to effectively control the disease.This treatment protocol can effectively reduce the spread and infection of P.olea-europaea,demonstrating significant control efficacy against the disease.