冠状动脉慢血流患者的冠状动脉血流储备情况及心肌做功指标对慢血流的诊断价值

The coronary flow reserve in patients with coronary slow flow and diagnostic value of myocardial work indices for coronary slow flow

目的探讨冠状动脉慢血流(coronary slow flow,CSF)患者血流储备情况及超声心动图无创性获取心肌做功指标对CSF的诊断价值。方法回顾性选择2020年8月至2023年11月在复旦大学附属中山医院厦门医院因心绞痛、冠状动脉危险因素或心电图异常行冠状动脉造影的患者65例,根据校正的TIMI血流帧数法(corrected TIMI frame count,cTFC)分为CSF组(n=35)和冠状动脉血流速度正常组(对照组,n=30)。两组患者均进行腺苷三磷酸(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)药物负荷试验测量冠状动脉血流储备(coronary flow reserve,CFR)情况。采用超声心动图及二维斑点追踪成像(two dimensional speckle-tracking imaging,2D-STI)技术获取常规指标和心肌做功指标:左心室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(left ventricular end-systolic diameter,LVESD)、左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、E/e'比值、左心室整体纵向应变(global longitudinal strain,GLS)、整体有用功(global constructive work,GCW)、整体无用功(global wasted work,GWW)、整体做功指数(global work index,GWI)及整体做功效率(global work efficiency,GWE)。采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价心脏做功指标对CSF的诊断价值。结果两组患者CFR数值差异无统计学意义,CSF组CFR<2的比例高于对照组(P=0.023)。与对照组相比,CSF组GLS、GWI和GCW显著降低(P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,GLS诊断CSF的截断值为-19.5%,灵敏度为64.7%,特异度为78.6%,AUC为0.793;心肌做功指标中GWI的AUC最大(0.825),灵敏度为88.2%,特异度为75.0%。结论部分CSF患者保留冠状动脉微循环的血流储备功能,但CFR功能降低的比例增加。左心室心肌做功指标可以早期识别CSF患者的心肌做功障碍,并监测CSF患者心肌缺血受损情况。

Objective To explore the coronary flow reserve(CFR)in patients with coronary slow flow(CSF)and the diagnostic value of non-invasive myocardial work indices derived from echocardiography for CSF.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 65 patients who underwent coronary angiography at the Zhongshan Hospital(Xiamen Branch),Fudan University due to angina pectoris,coronary artery risk factors,or electrocardiographic abnormalities from August 2020 to November 2023.Patients were divided into two groups based on the corrected TIMI frame count(cTFC):the CSF group(n=35)and the normal coronary blood flow velocity group(control group,n=30).Both groups underwent an adenosine triphosphate(ATP)drug load test to measure their coronary flow reserve(CFR).Conventional indices and myocardial work indices via echocardiography and twodimensional speckle-tracking imaging(2D-STI)were acquired:left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular endsystolic diameter(LVESD),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),E/e'ratio,global longitudinal strain(GLS),global constructive work(GCW),global wasted work(GWW),global work index(GWI),and global work efficiency(GWE).Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic value of myocardial work indices for CSF.Results There was no significant difference in CFR values between the two groups,but the proportion of CSF group with CFR less than 2 was higher than that of the control group(P=0.023).Compared with the control group,the CSF group showed significantly lower levels of GLS,GWI,and GCW(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis revealed that the GLS diagnostic threshold for CSF was−19.5%,with a sensitivity of 64.7%,specificity of 78.6%,and AUC of 0.793.Among the myocardial work indices,the AUC of GWI was the highest(0.825),with a sensitivity of 88.2%and specificity of 75.0%.Conclusions Some CSF patients retain coronary microcirculatory blood flow reserve function,but the proportion of patients with reduced CFR function is increasing.The left ventricular myocardial work indices can identify early myocardial work abnormalities and monitor myocardial ischemic damage in CSF patients.