南京市7~17岁汉族学生力量和速度素质发展特点及其敏感期研究

Development Characteristics and Sensitive Periods of Strength and Speed Qualities in Han Students Aged 7 to 17 in Nanjing

目的:研究南京市7~17岁汉族学生力量和速度素质发展的特点及其敏感期,为探究其身体素质的发展规律及选材提供参考。方法:采用测试法、数理统计法等研究方法,以南京市20个市级监测点的7~17岁汉族学生为测试对象,选取握力、立定跳远和50 m跑测试数据,采用年增长率均值加0.5个标准差的方法计算敏感期。结果:(1)南京市7~17岁各年龄段汉族男生的握力(11岁除外)、立定跳远和50 m跑成绩均显著优于汉族女生;(2)南京市7~17岁汉族男生的握力和立定跳远敏感期是11~15岁和11~13岁;南京市7~17岁汉族女生的握力和立定跳远敏感期是10岁、14~15岁和7~8岁、12岁;南京市7~17岁汉族男生的速度敏感期是7~8岁和11~13岁,汉族女生的速度敏感期是7~8岁和10~12岁。结论:南京市7~17岁汉族学生的力量和速度素质具有明显的阶段性和连续性特点,其中汉族男生力量素质敏感期要长于女生。

OBJECTIVE:This study aims to investigate the characteristics of strength and speed development in Han students aged 7 to 17 in Nanjing and identify their sensitive periods,providing a reference for understanding the development patterns of physical qualities and for talent selection.METHODS:Utilizing testing methods and statistical analysis,we conducted tests on Han students aged 7 to 17 from 20 municipal monitoring points in Nanjing,selecting grip strength,standing long jump,and 50-meter sprint data.We calculated sensitive periods using the mean annual growth rate plus 0.5 standard deviations.RESULTS:(1)The grip strength(except at age 11),standing long jump,and 50-meter sprint performances of Han male students in various age groups in Nanjing were significantly better than those of female students.(2)The sensitive periods for grip strength and standing long jump among Han male students are ages 11-15 and 11-13,respectively.For Han female students,the sensitive periods for grip strength and standing long jump are at ages 10,14-15,and 7-8,12.The sensitive periods for speed among Han male students are ages 7-8 and 11-13,while for female students,they are ages 7-8 and 10-12.CONCLUSION:The strength and speed qualities of Han students aged 7 to 17 in Nanjing demonstrate distinct stages and continuity,with the sensitive period for strength qualities in Han male students being longer than that of female students.