珠海市居民心理健康状况及影响因素

Mental health status and its influencing factors among residents in Zhuhai

背景近年来,心理疾病的发病率逐渐增加,居民的心理健康问题不容忽视。珠海市地处粤港澳大湾区核心位置,政府对居民心理健康高度重视,尽管目前已开展孕产妇和医务人员心理健康状况的相关研究,但对成年居民的心理健康状况缺乏系统性研究。目的了解珠海市常住成年居民焦虑和抑郁症状及影响因素,为制定针对性的心理干预策略提供参考。方法于2021年9月1日—12月1日,采用多阶段抽样,选取珠海市5600名年龄≥18岁的常住居民为调查对象。通过问卷星平台,使用患者健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑障碍量表(GAD-7)和国民心理健康素养问卷进行调查。运用Logistic回归分析居民焦虑和抑郁症状的影响因素。结果检出842名(15.04%)居民存在抑郁症状,579名(10.34%)居民存在焦虑症状。Logistic回归分析结果显示,女性(OR=1.488)、居住在斗门区(OR=1.942)、受教育程度为大专/本科(OR=3.602)和研究生及以上(OR=5.904)、非规律一日三餐(OR=3.320)、患慢性病(OR=3.244)、自我评估不达标(OR=3.414)以及心理健康技能不达标(OR=2.131)均为抑郁症状的危险因素;年龄≥25岁(各年龄段OR均<1)、家庭人均月收入>20000元(OR=0.438)、每周运动≥3次(OR=0.431)均为抑郁症状的保护因素。年龄25~34岁(OR=2.051)、居住在金湾区(OR=1.729)和斗门区(OR=1.901)、受教育程度为大专/本科(OR=2.955)和研究生及以上(OR=6.662)、非规律一日三餐(OR=2.741)、患慢性病(OR=3.535)、自我评估不达标(OR=3.325)以及心理健康技能不达标(OR=1.838)均为焦虑症状的危险因素(P均<0.05);家庭人均月收入6001~9000元(OR=0.665)、每周运动≥3次(OR=0.572)均为焦虑症状的保护因素(P均<0.05)。结论影响珠海市成年居民焦虑和抑郁症状的因素主要包括性别、年龄、所在行政区、受教育程度、饮食规律情况、运动情况以及是否患慢性病。

Background Currently,there has been a gradual increase in the incidence of mental diseases,becoming a problem that has attracted great concern of the general public.Zhuhai is a core city of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,and the local government have attached great importance to the mental health of residents.The systematic study on the mental health has focused largely on pregnant women and medical workers,yet few are on the adult residents.Objective To investigate the prevalence and its influencing factors of anxiety and depression among adult residents in Zhuhai,so as to provide references for formulating targeted psychological intervention strategies.Methods From September 1 to December 1,2021,a cohort of 5600 permanent residents aged 18 years and above in Zhuhai were selected through multistage sampling.All participants were subjected to complete Patients′Health Questionnaire Depression Scale-9 item(PHQ-9),Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 item(GAD-7)and National Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire based on Wenjuanxing software.Then Logistic regression was employed to identify the factors associated with anxiety and depression among the residents.Results Among the 5600 residents,depressive symptoms were detected in 842(15.04%)residents and anxiety symptoms in 579(10.34%)residents.Logistic regression analysis yielded that female gender(OR=1.488),living in Doumen district(OR=1.942),junior college/undergraduate level(OR=3.602),postgraduate and above(OR=5.904),irregular meal pattern(OR=3.320),comorbid chronic diseases(OR=3.244),disqualification of self-assessment(OR=3.414)and disqualification of mental health skill(OR=2.131)were risk factors for depression symptoms,whereas age≥25 years old(of all age groups OR<1),monthly per capita income>20000 yuan(OR=0.438)and exercising≥3 times a week(OR=0.431)were protective factors for depression symptoms.Age of 25~34 years old(OR=2.051),living in Jinwan district(OR=1.729)or Doumen district(OR=1.901),junior college/undergraduate level(OR=2.955),postgraduate and above(OR=6.662),irregular meal pattern(OR=2.741),comorbid chronic diseases(OR=3.535),disqualification of self-assessment(OR=3.325)and disqualification of mental health skill(OR=1.838)were risk factors for anxiety symptoms,while monthly per capita income of 6001~9000 yuan(OR=0.665)and exercising≥3 times a week(OR=0.572)were protective factors for anxiety symptoms.Conclusion The mental health status of adult residents in Zhuhai is affected by various factors,including gender,age,region of residence,education level,meal pattern,exercise frequency and chronic diseases.