摘要
The domestication of Brassica oleracea has resulted in diverse morphological types with distinct patterns of organ development.Here we report a graph-based pan-genome of B.oleracea constructed from high-quality genome assemblies of different morphotypes.The pan-genome harbors over 200 structural variant hotspot regions enriched in auxin-andflowering-related genes.Population genomic analyses revealed that early domestication of B.oleracea focused on leaf or stem development.Geneflows resulting from agricultural practices and variety improvement were detected among different morphotypes.Selective-sweep and pan-genome analyses identified an auxin-responsive small auxin up-regulated RNA gene and a CLAV-ATA3/ESR-RELATED family gene as crucial players in leaf–stem differentiation during the early stage of B.oleracea domestication and the BoKAN1 gene as instrumental in shaping the leafy heads of cabbage and Brussels sprouts.Our pan-genome and functional analyses further revealed that variations in the BoFLC2 gene play key roles in the divergence of vernalization andflowering characteristics among different morphotypes,and variations in thefirst intron of BoFLC3 are involved infine-tuning theflowering process in cauliflower.This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the pan-genome of B.oleracea and sheds light on the domestication and differential organ development of this globally important crop species.
基金
supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFF1003001)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072576)
the National Modern Agriculture Industry Technology System (CARS-23-G42)
the Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program (BE2021376)
the Innovation Program of the Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (KJCX20230121)
the Collaborative Innovation Program for Leafy and Root Vegetables of the Beijing Vegetable Research Center,Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (XTCX202302).
