生态产品价值实现理论研究的难点与对策

Countermeasures to challenges of theoretical research in value realization of ecological products at the current stage

建立健全生态产品价值实现机制,是践行绿水青山就是金山银山理念的关键路径。聚焦生态产品价值实现理论研究,在文献调研的基础上,梳理总结了现阶段生态产品概念定义、产品目录、价值理论、价值评估与核算、价值实现路径等方面存在的一些难点问题,其中,概念定义方面的问题包括人类劳动是否是生态产品必需的生产要素、“生态产品”与“生态系统服务”之间概念界限不清晰等;产品目录方面的问题包括生态产品分类标准选择不当、终端产品和中间产品混淆、生态农产品与普通农产品难以区分等;价值理论方面的问题包括生态产品价值来源不明、价值构成不清等;价值评估与核算方面的问题包括生态产品价值重复计算、存量价值和流量价值不分、假想市场技术存在局限性、价格形成机制还需完善等;价值实现路径方面的问题包括对生态产品价值实现机制的持续性、系统性认识不足以及对产业生态化路径的研究不够等。针对这些问题,根据相关政策文件精神,分别提出对策建议,以此进一步完善生态产品价值实现理论基础,推动绿水青山向金山银山有效转化。

Establishing and enhancing the value realization mechanism of ecological products is crucial for implementing the concept that“lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”.This paper focuses on the theoretical research of value realization of ecological products.Based on the literature review,some challenges in the concept definition,product catalog,value theory,value evaluation and accounting,and value realization path of ecological products at the current stage have been summarized.As for the concept definition,the major challenges lie in the necessity of human labor to production factor of ecological products,unclear conceptual boundaries between“ecological products”and“ecosystem services,”etc.The ecological products catalog is faced with improper selection of ecological product classification standards,confusion between end products and intermediate products,and difficulty in distinguishing eco-agricultural products from ordinary agricultural products,etc.In terms of the value theory of ecological products,it is challenged by unclear sources and composition of the ecological product value,etc.For the assessment and accounting of ecological product value,there are issues such as double counting of ecological product value,confusion between stock value and flow value,limitations of Hypothetical Market Technology,and a need to improve the price formation mechanism for ecological products.Additionally,for the value realization path of ecological products there is a lack of sustainable and systematic understanding regarding mechanisms for realizing the value of ecological products as well as insufficient research on ecological industry.In response to aforementioned,countermeasures and suggestions are proposed in this paper in accordance to related policies to further improve the theory of value realization of ecological products,and promote the effective transformation of“lucid waters and lush mountains”into“invaluable assets”.